HIST 2301 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7-11: Kinney County, Texas, Texas Brigade, Battle Of Palmito Ranch
Exam 2 and Quizzes Terms
Chapter 6
Texas Troubles: “Slave Panic” around 1860, Aftermath of a series of fires, destroyed a part of
downtown dallas. People were still panicked, believed it was a plot to incite slave insurrection.
Hanging of abolitionists and slaves was rampant during this time.
Secession Convention: Started in South Carolina, spread West Oran Roberts called for TX to
join Succession Movement. James Throckmorton was one of 8 against succession. 166 in favor
of succession. Passed TC secession Referendum 3-1(45k-15k). North Texas border and Hill
County were most opposed. Sam Houston is removed from governor because he would not
take oath to confederacy
General David Twiggs: Southern, Pro Slavery, career military man. At the age of 70 asks to be
relieved, but ends up surrendering to the Texans and joins the Confederacy.
Ben McCulloch: Authorized to demand the removal of all federal troops from Texas.
Succeeded, and was granted the title Brigadier General. Placed in command of Indian territories
initially and fought for the confederacy.
Secession Referendum: Given to the people to decide if they wanted to secede from the
Union. Passed by 3-1 vote.
Chapter 7
Why Texans fought: Many felt a certain loyalty to Texas. In addition, because there were many
different branches of military to join, people could join for the fight they most believed in: on the
coast, for manifest destiny, or other reasons. (Slavery was obviously the biggest reason)
Preparations for war: Chapter 7, Page 167. The whole list is there.
Hood’s Texas Brigade: The Texas Brigade, also often referred to as Hood's Brigade as it was
commanded by General John Bell Hood, was an infantry brigade in the Confederate States
Army that distinguished itself for its fierce tenacity and fighting ability during the American Civil
War. It served in every major battle of the Army of Northern Virginia except at Chancellorsville.
The brigade's most famous action took place on the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg,
during its fight for Devil's Den. Though the Confederacy ultimately lost that battle, the 1st Texas,
4th Texas, 5th Texas, and 3rd Arkansas distinguished themselves in taking Devil's Den despite
being greatly outnumbered and suffering heavy casualties, to include General Robertson being
wounded. The brigade's failure to take Little Round Top marked the failure of that day's fighting
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HH Sibley and the Invasion of New Mexico: was a career officer in the United States Army,
who commanded a Confederate cavalry brigade in the Civil War. The New Mexico Campaign
was a military operation of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War from
February to April 1862 in which Confederate Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley invaded
the northern New Mexico Territory in an attempt to gain control of the Southwest, including the
gold fields of Colorado and the ports of California. Historians regard this campaign as the most
ambitious Confederate attempt to establish control of the American West and to open an
additional theater in the war. It was an important campaign in the war's Trans-Mississippi
Theater, and one of the major events in the history of the New Mexico Territory in the American
Civil War.
Loss and Recapture of Galveston:The Battle of Galveston Harbor was a naval engagement
between forces from the Union Navy and the Confederate States of America in the American
Civil War. It was fought on October 4, 1862. The Union had been trying to blockade the city of
Galveston, Texas for over a year, but it was still in Confederate hands. After an exchange of
fire, Commander William B. Renshaw of the cutter Harriet Lane agreed a truce while the
Confederates evacuated the city. It would later be re-taken in the Second Battle of Galveston.
The Battle of Galveston was a naval and land battle of the American Civil War, when
Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder expelled occupying Union troops from
the city of Galveston, Texas on January 1, 1863. After the loss of the cutter Harriet Lane, the
Union Fleet Commander William B. Renshaw blew up the stranded vessel USS Westfield to
save it from falling into enemy hands. Union troops on shore thought the fleet was surrendering,
and laid down their arms.
Dick Dowling and the Battle of Sabine Pass:About 6:00 am on the morning of September 8,
1863, a Union flotilla of four gunboats and seven troop transports steamed into Sabine Pass
and up the Sabine River with the intention of reducing Fort Griffin and landing troops to begin
occupying Texas. As the gunboats approached Fort Griffin, they came under accurate fire from
six cannons. The Confederate gunners at Fort Griffin had been sent there as a punishment. To
break the day-to-day monotony, the gunners practiced firing artillery at range markers placed in
the river. Their practice paid off. Fort Griffin’s small force of 44 men, under command of Lt.
Richard W. Dowling, forced the Union flotilla to retire and captured the gunboat Clifton and
about 200 prisoners. Further Union operations in the area ceased for about a month. The
heroics at Fort Griffin—44 men stopping a Union expedition—inspired other Confederate
soldiers. Richard William "Dick" Dowling (1837 – September 23, 1867) was the victorious
commander at the Second Battle of Sabine Pass in the American Civil War, and is considered
Houston, Texas's first prominent citizen and hero.
Santos Benavides and the defense of South Texas: Santos Benavides, the highest ranking
Mexican American to serve the Confederacy. During the Union occupation of Brownsville, TX in
1864, Benavides arranged for Texas cotton to pass safely along the Rio Grande into
Matamoros, Mexico. He defended Laredo, Texas in March, 1864 – he was successful with 42
men versus 200 men in the 1st US Cavalry.
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Battle of Palmito Ranch:The Battle of Palmito Ranch is generally reckoned as the final battle
of the American Civil War, since it was the last engagement between organized forces of the
Union Army and Confederate States Army involving casualties. It was fought on May 12 and 13,
1865, on the banks of the Rio Grande east of Brownsville, Texas, and a few miles from the
seaport of Los Brazos de Santiago (now known as Matamoros). Union and Confederate forces
in southern Texas had been observing an unofficial truce, but Union Colonel Theodore H.
Barrett ordered an attack on a Confederate camp near Fort Brown, for reasons unknown (some
claimed he wanted to see combat before the war ended.) The Union took a few prisoners, but
the attack was repulsed near Palmito Ranch the next day by Col. John Salmon Ford, and most
88regard it as a Confederate victory. Casualty estimates are not dependable, but Union Private
John J. Williams of the 34th Indiana is believed to have been the last man killed in combat in the
war. The engagement is also known as the Battle of Palmito Hill or the Battle of Palmetto
Ranch.
Major Texas home front issues: The Texas Home Front had fewer hardships and difficulties
than other Southern states. However, the greatest problems faced were the deaths of the
soldiers (of the men), internal dissent, and the constant threat of Indian raids that settlers faced
on the frontier. Being isolated from major military engagements spared Texas of the horrors of
war, but it also created unique situations in which Texans had to adapt.
Texas women during the war: the Civil War significantly affected the lives of American
women. A handful disguised themselves as men and joined the fight. Others served as spies
and nurses. Many more took on new roles at home after their husbands, brothers, and fathers
responded to the call to arms. American women as a whole had improved their educational
standing, secured additional legal rights, and acquired greater access to manufactured goods
by the mid-1800s. Women had participated prominently in the religious revivals known as the
Second Great Awakening that swept across the country.
Gainesville Hangings: The Great Hanging at Gainesville was the execution by hanging of
forty-one suspected Unionists in Gainesville, Texas, in October 1862 during the American Civil
War. Two additional suspects were shot while trying to escape. Most were residents of Cooke
county, but residents of neighboring counties were killed as well. It is alleged to be the largest
mass hanging in the history of the United States.
Nueces Massacre: The Nueces Massacre, also known as the Massacre on the Nueces, was a
violent confrontation between Confederate soldiers and German Texans on August 10, 1862, in
Kinney County, Texas. Many first-generation immigrants from Germany settled in Central Texas
in a region known as the Hill Country. They tended to support the Union and were opposed to
the institution of slavery. Because of these sentiments, the Confederate States of America
imposed martial law on Central Texas. A group of Germans, fleeing from the Hill Country to
Mexico and onward after that to Union-controlled New Orleans, was confronted by a company
of Confederate soldiers on the banks of the Nueces River. This ensuing German defeat
represented an end to overt German resistance to Confederate governance in Texas, but it also
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Document Summary
Texas troubles: slave panic around 1860, aftermath of a series of fires, destroyed a part of downtown dallas. People were still panicked, believed it was a plot to incite slave insurrection. Hanging of abolitionists and slaves was rampant during this time. Secession convention: started in south carolina, spread west oran roberts called for tx to join succession movement. James throckmorton was one of 8 against succession. Sam houston is removed from governor because he would not take oath to confederacy. General david twiggs: southern, pro slavery, career military man. At the age of 70 asks to be relieved, but ends up surrendering to the texans and joins the confederacy. Ben mcculloch: authorized to demand the removal of all federal troops from texas. Succeeded, and was granted the title brigadier general. Placed in command of indian territories initially and fought for the confederacy. Secession referendum: given to the people to decide if they wanted to secede from the.
