GEOL 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Hydrogen Bond, Sodium Chloride, Basalt
Document Summary
Mineral- naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with a relatively consistent composition. Ordered internal structure- atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating way: crystalline. Minerals consist of at least two elements: if only one element, it is called a native element. Rocks are made of minerals, minerals are made of elements. Texture- roughness/smoothness of a rock and also the way its grains and minerals are arranged. Crystalline- composed of interlocking minerals that grew together: form in high temperature environments by crystallization of magma, metamorphism, or precipitation from hot water. Clastic- rock consisting of pieces derived from other rocks: form on earth"s surface in low temperature environments where sediment is deposited. Silicates most important mineral group on earth. Silicon- synthetic, synthetic silicon makes computer chips. Silica- compound si:o = 1:2 = sio2. Silicone- synthetic, bounded to carbon, makes caulk. Silicate minerals account for 90% of minerals in earth"s crust: non-silicate- minerals without silicon (carbonates and halides)
