BIOL 1107K Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Nuclear Membrane, Cell Membrane, Golgi Apparatus
Document Summary
Cell theory: fundamental unit of life, all organisms composed of cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells. Why are cells so small: surface area, as surface area of a cell (sphere) increases, ratio to volume decreases, shorter time for diffusion. Increases contrast to make darker parts darker and lighter parts lighter: differential interference-contrast. Shines light from different angles to cast a shadow. See more of the three dimensionality: stained bright-field. Adds chemicals that binds to the thing you want to see: confocal. Makes certain things stand out: fluorescence. Adds chemicals to make it glow/light up: electron, transmission, scanning, electron, and freeze fracture. Uses electrons that bounce off to see what the structure is. Prokaryote vs. eukaryote: prokaryotic cells (no nucleus) Like extreme heat, extreme cold, lack of oxygen. Prokaryotic cells: small, single cells, in chains or cluster, very successful in terms of how many types there are, plasma membrane. Sometimes have a capsule of polysaccharides outside the cell wall.
