CHM 1040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Decimal Mark, Scientific Notation, Conversion Of Units Of Temperature
27 Feb 2019
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I. Chapter 2 – Measurements and Calculations
a. Table of Contents
i. Learning Objectives
1. Understand parts of a measurement
2. Convert large and small numbers to scientific notation
3. Learn and apply rules of significant figures (including rules for
rounding)
4. Convert between units (also called dimensional analysis)
5. Memorize temperature conversion equations and use them
6. Understand and apply the concept of density and the
corresponding mathematical equation (𝑑 = 𝑚
𝑣)
b. Scientific Notation
i. Measurement
1. Quantitative observation
2. Uses numbers and units
a. Number tells comparison
b. Unit tells scale
3. Technique used to express very large or very small numbers
4. Expresses a number as a product of a number between 1 and 10
and the appropriate power of 10
ii. Using Scientific Notation
1. Placement and direction of a decimal point
a. The number of places the decimal point is moved
determines the power of 10
b. The direction of the move determines whether the power
of 10 is positive or negative
2. If the decimal point is moved to the left, the power of 10 is
positive
3. If the decimal point is moved to the right, the power of 10 is
negative
c. Units
i. Systems of Measurement
1. Unit: the scale or standard being used to represent the results of a
measurement
a. Scientists require common units to measure quantities
such as mass, length, time, and temperature
2. Most widely used standard systems of units
a. English system
b. Metric System
i. Preferred for scientific work
3. International System or SI
a. Comprehensive system of units set up by an international
agreement
