PHILOS 31- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 49 pages long!)
Document Summary
An argument is valid if it is impossible for all premises to be true and the conclusion. If all premises are all true, then the conclusion must be true false. Molecular sentence: a symbolic sentence that contains one of more connectives. Scope of a connective occurrence in a formula is the connective occurrence itself, together with the components and any grouping indicators it links together the formula ((p^~q) r) Main connective is (p^~q) ((p^~q) r) (~p q) is different from ~ (p q) First is a conditional; second is a negation ((pv(q^r)) ~(s t)) Examples: (~p q) ~p q. ~(p q) ~(p q) (pvq) pvq ((p^q) (svt)) (((p^q) s) v t) ((p^(qvr)) (p t)) P^q svt (p^q s) v t. If they"re both and"s or both or"s, convention is to restore parentheses to the left ((((((p^q)^r)^s)^t)^u)^v) p^q^r^s^t^u^v. ~ it is not the case that. We can express their meanings in terms of truth values.
