PH101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Inductive Reasoning, Deductive Reasoning
Document Summary
Aristotle: arguments, premises (first half of argument, assumption, conclusion (second half of argument) If premises are true, then conclusions are true (with probabilistic) Scientific theories are not always true (only conditionally true) For this, scientific methods are inductive: deductive reasoning (absolutistic) Singer: margin utility, the margin utility is reached when you are damaging yourself by helping others, you should help other (margin utility standard) Peter singer: famine, affluence, and morality: the core argument: "suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are bad. " If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it. : proximity/distance and the actions of others make no difference. It follows that " the traditional distin(cid:272)tion (cid:271)etween duty and (cid:272)harity (cid:272)annot (cid:271)e drawn. "
