BIOL 0280 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Triglyceride, Pyruvic Acid, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
7 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Atp used in biosynthesis, generated by oxidation of fuel molecules. Nad+ is major e- acceptor in catabolism, nadph is major e- donor in reductive biosynthesis. Biomolecules are catabolized to and constructed from a small set of building blocks. Biosynthetic and degradative pathways are almost always distinct, especially at key steps: acetyl-coa and pyruvate. Proteins, glycogen, triacylglycerols are built from/broken down to smaller units. Transformation of pyruvate --> acetylcoa is unidirectional in vertebrates. Ec signals --> transcription of specific genes --> mrna degradation or mrna translation on ribosome --> enzyme. Enzyme --> protein degradation (ubiquitin, proteasome), sequestering in subcellular organelle, binding to substrate, binding to ligand/allosteric effectors, phosphorylation, regulatory protein binding. Specific organs have specific functions in regulating metabolism, others are just using energy molecules as fuel. Pancreas: secretes insulin and glucagon in response to changes in blood glucose concentration. Liver: processes and creates molecules, distributes molecules, converts n to urea to urea. Small intestine: absorbs nutrients, moves into blood/lymphatic system.
