BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes -Spindle Apparatus, G1 Phase, G2 Phase

Replicate circular chromosome, move each two daughter chromosomes into its own progeny cell. Binary fusion cell division: cells grow for some time before initiating dna synthesis, chromosomes replicated, and separated to opposite ends of cell, the membrane pinches together between them and two daughter cells are formed. Replication of bacterial chromosome starts at origin of replication , the ori is ine the middle of the cell once ori has been duplicated they move to opposite ends of cell. Cytoplasmic division is associated with an inward constriction of cytokinetic ring of cytoskeletal proteins. Most prokaryotic have a single chromosome where as eukaryotics have many chromosomes. Advanced form of mitotic apparatus is seen in yeats a spindle of microtubules (made polymerized tubulin proteins) forms and chromosomes segregate to daughter nuclei without disassembly/reassembly of nuclear envelope. 2 copies of chromosome in nuclei their chromosome complement is diploid (2n) Mostly microorganisms may only have one copy of each type of chromosome in nucleus.