BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Neuroglia, Chondrocyte, Spinal Cord Injury
Lecture 27
Stem Cells
Stem cells
unspecialised cells that sit in organs and tissues, which can divide and create 2 specialised cells or 2
stem cells or a stem cell and a specialised cell
renew themselves
Potency
Fertilised egg totipotent (whole organism) = zygote
Blastocyst pluripotent (all cells of an organism but not a living organism), e.g. embryonic stem cells
Umbilical cord blood stem cells multipotent/oligopotent (blood, muscle, bone, cartilage etc), e.g.
hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow/placenta
Somatic stem cells multipotent/oligopotent e.g. hematopoietic stem cells from bone
marrow/placenta
Unipotent e.g. oogonia, spermatogonia
Transcription factors
Teratoma tumours that do weird stuff like make teeth
In vitro cell culture
- cells grow in nutrient rich solution (media)
- housed in an incubator at 37 degrees with 2-20% oxygen
- cells grow, divide, can be induced to become specialised cells
- cells like to be neutral, colour of culture shows pH (it has an indicator)
To get embryonic stem cells, you have to destroy the bastocyst – very contoversial
Types of stem cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)
- multipotent
– found in bone marrow, differentiate to form adipose (fat), chondrocytes (cartilage), osteocytes
(bone)
Induced pluripotent stem cells
- do not involve an embryo, so blastocyst does not have to be killed
- add 4 specific genes to any somatic cells to create induced pluripotent ES-like cells (embryotic stem
cell like cells)
A person’s own specialised cells are immuno-compatible!
Stuff that shouldn’t happen
- Spinal cord injury
squashing neurons
Oligodendrocytes get squished in spinal injuries
Adding oligodendrocytes (glial cells) within 14 days (for humans)
can repair damaged neurons to an extent
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Unspecialised cells that sit in organs and tissues, which can divide and create 2 specialised cells or 2 stem cells or a stem cell and a specialised cell. Fertilised egg totipotent (whole organism) = zygote. Blastocyst pluripotent (all cells of an organism but not a living organism), e. g. embryonic stem cells. Umbilical cord blood stem cells multipotent/oligopotent (blood, muscle, bone, cartilage etc), e. g. hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow/placenta. Somatic stem cells multipotent/oligopotent e. g. hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow/placenta. Teratoma tumours that do weird stuff like make teeth. Cells grow in nutrient rich solution (media) Housed in an incubator at 37 degrees with 2-20% oxygen. Cells grow, divide, can be induced to become specialised cells. Cells like to be neutral, colour of culture shows ph (it has an indicator) To get embryonic stem cells, you have to destroy the bastocyst very contoversial. Found in bone marrow, differentiate to form adipose (fat), chondrocytes (cartilage), osteocytes (bone)
