BIOL10002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Corpus Luteum, Activin And Inhibin, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

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2 Jul 2018
Department
Course
Professor
Week 11
Lecture 29
Reproduction part 2 - regulation
Reproductive tract
Male
 fluid comes from seminal vesicle and prostate glands
 nitric oxide allows vasodilation and blood entry, causing an erection
 Sperm starts in testes which are outside the body since spermatogenesis
occurs at 36 degrees Celsius.
 60% of volume comes from seminal vesicles, 30% from prostate gland
(alkaline, which combats the acidity of the vagina) – all components of sperm
combine in the ureter.
 coiling increases surface area in the testes, which allows the required
amount of sperm to be produced
Female
 Fimbria don’t touch ovary until ovulation, if this goes wrong then the
egg can be fertilised outside the ovary
 egg probably produces factors to attract sperm since pregnancy can
occur when sperm is incubated in the ovaries
Journey of sperm
Seminiferous tubules  Epididymis  Vas deferens  Ampulla and
ejaculatory duct  Prostatic urethra  Penile urethra  Vagina  Uterus 
Oviduct  Fertilisation
Endocrine control of reproduction
- Steroids form the basis of all the sex hormones
 Hypothalamus – GnRH
 Anterior pituitary – regulated by the hypothalamus – releases tropic hormones (controlling
activities of other endocrine glands
Women  Hypothalamus produces GnRH  Pituitary produces FSH and LH  Ovary produces
Oestradiol  Uterus produces growth and vascularisation of the endometrium
Men  Hypothalamus produces GRH  pituitary produces FSH and LH  Testis produces Testosterone
and dihydrotestosterone  Sertoli cells cause spermatogenesis
Men
Blood – testis barrier prevents stem cell compartment from mixing with toxins
At puberty the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to negative feedback by testosterone
declines and so circulating testosterones increases. This increases GnRH release and
hence an increase in LH an FSH.
Women
Oocytes use Cholesterol under the influence of LH to produce testosterone, which is used by the cells
of the granulosa to produce oestradiol, reliant on LH
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Document Summary

Fluid comes from seminal vesicle and prostate glands. Nitric oxide allows vasodilation and blood entry, causing an erection. Sperm starts in testes which are outside the body since spermatogenesis occurs at 36 degrees celsius. 60% of volume comes from seminal vesicles, 30% from prostate gland (alkaline, which combats the acidity of the vagina) all components of sperm combine in the ureter. Coiling increases surface area in the testes, which allows the required amount of sperm to be produced. Fimbria don"t touch ovary until ovulation, if this goes wrong then the egg can be fertilised outside the ovary. Egg probably produces factors to attract sperm since pregnancy can occur when sperm is incubated in the ovaries. Seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens ampulla and ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra penile urethra vagina uterus . Steroids form the basis of all the sex hormones. Anterior pituitary regulated by the hypothalamus releases tropic hormones (controlling activities of other endocrine glands.

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