BIO1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cellular Respiration, Catabolism, Photosynthesis
14 Jun 2018
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Lecture 3 - Energy Transformations Within Cells: Enzymes
Life requires energy
● Photosynthese
● Photons contain light capturing structures
● Ultimate origin of energy in sunlight
● Ecologies differ but each one needs energy
● Cellular respiration releases the energy from photosynthesising
Photosynthesis and respiration
● Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts -- mostly plants
● Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria
Metabolism - anabolism and catabolism
● Anabolism - synthesis of complex molecules : photosynthesis
● Catabolism - breaks down complex molecules : respiration
Autotrophy and heterotrophy
Two major types of metabolism
● Autotroph: photosynthesiser and respirer
● Heterotroph: respirer only
Atp
● Adenosine Triphosphate
● Stores energy
● Triphosphate is stores lots of energy
● Atp is broken down by hydrolysis
● Bonds between phosphates are strong, so energy is released when they’re
broken
● Energy gives the capacity to work
● Cycled adp to atp throughout processes
Redox reactions - reduction oxidation
Oxidation
● Adds oxygen
● Removes hydrogen
● Removes electrons
● Liberates energy
Reduction does the opposite of all of these (i.e. removes oxygen, adds hydrogen,
stores energy etc.)
Transforms molecules into other molecules (reduction makes larger molecules
because it stores energy)
Oxidation and reduction is coupled
If one happens, the other also has to happen
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Document Summary
Lecture 3 - energy transformations within cells: enzymes. Ecologies differ but each one needs energy. Cellular respiration releases the energy from photosynthesising. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts -- mostly plants. Anabolism - synthesis of complex molecules : photosynthesis. Catabolism - breaks down complex molecules : respiration. Bonds between phosphates are strong, so energy is released when they"re broken. Reduction does the opposite of all of these (i. e. removes oxygen, adds hydrogen, stores energy etc. ) Transforms molecules into other molecules (reduction makes larger molecules because it stores energy) If one happens, the other also has to happen. Nad - mostly used in mitochondria in etc. Molecule energy type on bonds used in the molecule. Each type of molecule has a certain level of internal energy depending on the. Higher free energy - also higher enthalpy and more ordered. Lower free energy - also lover enthalpy and more chaotic.
