7125 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Terror Management Theory, Social Facilitation, Social Inhibition
21 Jun 2018
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Lecture 6
Group processes and decision making
- What is a group?
oTwo or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves
and behave in accordance with such a definition
- Entitativity
oGroupy-ness
Cohesiveness – affectively binds group members
Interconnectedness
Similarity
Common goals
Importance
Physical interaction
- Increasing entitativity Lickel et al
o
- Group structure
oRoles – distinguish between different activities within the group eg manager,
recorder, presenter
oStatus – some roles within a group are more prestigious or have higher status eg
leaders
- Why do people join groups?
oProximity
oTo accomplish goals or tasks
oTo avoid loneliness
oFor emotional support
oUncertainty reduction – groups provide rules/norms for how to behave (Hogg, 2007)
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oTerror management theory (Greenberg et al., 1997) – affiliation with others reduces
fear of death
- Social ostracism
oExclusion from group by common consent
oSocial rejection
oWilliams (2002) – ball tossing paradigm
Cyber ball
Video of people throwing ball and exclusing or including you
Group productivity
- Social facilitation
oTendency to perform better when other are present (eg audience) eg triplett (1897)
Cyclists
oSocial inhibition: detriment in performance when others are present
oPresence of others facilitates dominant response
oSocial facilitation: dominant response is facilitates in the presence of others
oDrive theory - Zajonc 1965
Physical presence of others leads to arousal, motivates performance of
dominant response
Ie we should prepare
Presence of others facilitates performance on skilled tasks, impairs for
unskilled tasks
Needs to be humans
oEvaluation apprehensions model
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Apprehension about evaluation – arousal – increased drive and social
facilitation
You think others will evaluate your performance
oDistraction conflict theory
Baron, sanders, moore
Conflict occurs when person simultaneously pays attention to task and
others
Become distracted because paying attention to other people
Conflict – arousal – increased drive and social facilitation
oSelf discrepancy theory
Higgins 1987
When people become self aware they make comparisons between actual
and ideal self
Increased motivation and effort to bring actual and ideal selves into line
Improvement on easy tasks deterioration on difficult tasks
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What is a group: two or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition. Group structure: roles distinguish between different activities within the group eg manager, recorder, presenter, status some roles within a group are more prestigious or have higher status eg leaders. Social ostracism: exclusion from group by common consent, social rejection, williams (2002) ball tossing paradigm. Video of people throwing ball and exclusing or including you. Social facilitation: tendency to perform better when other are present (eg audience) eg triplett (1897) Cyclists: social inhibition: detriment in performance when others are present, presence of others facilitates dominant response, social facilitation: dominant response is facilitates in the presence of others, drive theory - zajonc 1965. Physical presence of others leads to arousal, motivates performance of dominant response. Presence of others facilitates performance on skilled tasks, impairs for unskilled tasks. Needs to be humans: evaluation apprehensions model.
