ANHB3324 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dura Mater, Foramen Magnum, Mastication
3 Jun 2018
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LECTURE ONE: Bone Structure of Head and Neck
Developmental Compartments:
• Cranial
o Neuro-cranium
o Formed by
▪ Brain
▪ Vertebral development
• Facial
o Viscero-cranium part of gut
o Formed by foregut development
• Functional matrix theory → bone grows to the size it is because of the
function it carries
Brain Development (CNS):
• Drives skull formation
• Forebrain → develops as expanded end of neural tube, rapid, driving
force to grow large cranial growth
• Special senses → extensions of tube
• Skull reflects these developments
Neural Tube Formation:
• Neural tube expands rapidly at the head end
• As brain develops it folds embryo ventrally
• Walls of tube
o Expand
o Fold
o Increase in size differentially
• Brain remains tube forever
Skull Development:
• Bones develop around brain
• 2 fundamental mechanisms
o Intra-membranous ossification
▪ Forms large, flat bones
▪ Bones form from gene switches in surrounding connecting
tissue
▪ Cells become osteoblasts
▪ Finishes at birth
▪ Upper part of cranial vault
o Endochondral ossification
▪ Allows bones to grow when they have a force applied to
them
▪ Found in bases of cranial cavity → where muscles are
attached
• Small islands of bone form in the membranes and later fuse at sutures
• Base of skull → modified vertebra to take stresses of muscle attachments
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Document Summary
Lecture one: bone structure of head and neck. Developmental compartments: cranial, neuro-cranium, formed by, brain, vertebral development, facial, viscero-cranium part of gut, formed by foregut development, functional matrix theory bone grows to the size it is because of the function it carries. Brain development (cns): drives skull formation, forebrain develops as expanded end of neural tube, rapid, driving force to grow large cranial growth, special senses extensions of tube, skull reflects these developments. Neural tube formation: neural tube expands rapidly at the head end, as brain develops it folds embryo ventrally, walls of tube, expand, fold, increase in size differentially, brain remains tube forever. Cervical skeleton: articulate via atlas and axis with base of skull, occipital back of skull modified vertebra. Join skull bones together: gaps between bones filled with connective tissue, becomes ossified when growth is complete, not completely immovable. Facial skeleton: formed by foregut, driving force visceral functions (i. e. breathing and eating)
