BMSC207 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Mast Cell, Allergen, T Helper Cell
Helminths:
Eukaryotoes
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Motile
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Parasitic•
Complex lifestyle
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Invertebrates with elongated flat or round bodies
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Flatworms (playhelminths)
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Flukes (trematodes)
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Tapeworms (Cestodes)•
Roundworms (nematodes)
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Helminth infection globally:
819 milli on worldwide infected with ascaris spp.
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(common roundworm)
464 milli on - trichuri s spp. (whipworm)•
438 milli on - hookworm•
Infection prevalent among rural communities
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Warm humid equatorial regions•
Areas where sanitation facilities inadequate •
Helminth infection:
Compromised nutritional status•
Affects cognitive processes
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Causes intestinal obstruction or rectal prol apse
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Usually school age chil dren (including adolescents) •
Because they don't wash their hands
○
Pre
-
school children tend to harbour the greatest numbers of intestinal worms
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Diminished physical fitness, impaired memory and cognition lead to education deficits •
Pinworm/threadworm:
Enterobius vermicularis
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Most common worm infection•
Worms deposit eggs in perianal folds
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Auto
-
infection can occur by scratching the ass and transferring eggs to mouth with contaminated
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Person to person transmission by contamination of surfaces or food items•
Most infections are asymptomatic
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If worm burden high- may have abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting•
Pinworm paddle or tape test to confirm
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Tape applied to perianal area - tape subsequently examined microscopically ○
Diagnosis:
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Whole family
Mebendazole (100mg)
○
This medication contrai ndi cated in pregnancy and breast feeding○
Scrub under nails, stop scratching butt○
Boil clothing and bed linen of infected indi vi duals○
Treatment:•
Common roundworm:
Ascari s spp.
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Passed in stools•
Worms form a bolus (worms come together)
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Bolus can cause intestinal obstruction
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In endemic areas, 5-35% of all bowel obstruction causes by ascaris spp.•
Wandering worms can causes pancreatitis, appendicitis, li ver abscess and occasionally coughed up
sputum
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Fever and cough
○
May have dyspnoea and utricara where larvae have migrated to the lungs
○
If migration to lungs, can cause pneumonitis ○
Accompanied by eosinophil ia○
Usually infection resolves spontaneously 10 days after larvae migration
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Common clinical presentation:
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Presence of larvae and eosinophils in sputum
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Chest X-ray to confirm presence of larvae○
Stool microscopy○
Confirmation of diagnosis:
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Adults
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albendazole (400mg) or mebendazole (500mg)
Treatment:
•
Look back at first pic in lecture 6
Worm infection and associated rectal prolapse
Lecture 6.1 - 5/9/16
Monday, 5 September 2016
10:58 AM
Lectures Page 1
Document Summary
Look back at first pic in lecture 6. 819 million worldwide infected with ascaris spp. (common roundworm) Pre-school children tend to harbour the greatest numbers of intestinal worms. Diminished physi cal fitness, impaired memory and cognition lead to education deficits. Auto-infection can occur by scratching the ass and transferring eggs to mouth with contaminated. Person to person transmission by contamination of surfaces or food items. If worm burden high- may have abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Tape applied to perianal area - tape subsequently examined microscopi cally. This medication contrai ndicated in pregnancy and breast feeding. Boil clothing and bed linen of infected individuals. In endemic areas, 5-35% of all bowel obstruction causes by ascaris spp. Wandering worms can causes pancreatitis, appendicitis, li ver abscess and occasionall y coughed up sputum. May have dyspnoea and utricara where larvae have migrated to the lungs. Usually infection resolves spontaneously 10 days after larvae migration.
