COUN110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: William Glasser, Reality Therapy, Motivational Interviewing

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School
Department
Course
Lecture Overview
Reality Therapy !
o Overview !
o Beginnings !
o Choice Therapy !
o Practice !
o WDEP!
o Techniques !
Motivational interviewing !
o Overview !
o Beginnings !
o Therapeutic components !
o Therapeutic principles !
o Techniques and Skills !
o Stages of Change !
o Evidence !
o Conclusion !
Reality therapy
Basic Ideas
Underlying problem for most clients is the involvement in an unsatisfying relationship
or lack of relationship !
Reality therapy helps clients to learn to be more aware of their choice and how these
choices may be inefficient in achieving their goals – consequences of choice, and
recognising choices made!
Framing behaviour as a choice, a choice made by client's internal control, leads clients
to fee more responsible and in command of their live – when responsible we can effect
change, when responsible outcome are from self not others !
Beginnings
William Glasser – 1950s and 1960s !
o Dissatisfied with psychoanalytic psychiatry !
o Moved to emphasize client accepting responsibility for behaviour and change !
o Moved from examination of past to present – not determined by past!
o Formulated the basis of choice theory, which concerns the way human beings
choose their own behaviour and how these choices can either satisfy basis drives
and goals. This became the theoretical underpinning of reality therapy !
o Rejected formal diagonise – move away from medical model and treatment plans !
Robert Wubbolding !
o Conceptualization of WDEP system !
Choice Theory
The only person whose behaviour can control our own – primary assumption
All we can give another person is information – can't change behaviour by telling them
what to do, can only give information about their behaviours
All long-lasting psychological problems are relationship problems – links with
psychodynamic ideas
The problem relationship is always part of our present life
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What happened in the past has everything to do with what we are today, but we can
only satisfy our basic needs right now and plan to continue satisfying them in the future
– can't fix the past but can influence our own behaviours for present moment
We can only satisfy our needs by satisfying the pictures in our Quality World – the
ideas of meeting our goal depends on the meaning of the world we have
All we do is behave
All behaviour is Total Behaviour and is made up of four components;
Action, thinking, feeling and physiology (sensing)
All Total Behaviours is chosen, but we only have direct control over the acting and
thinking components
We can only control our feeling and physiology indirectly through how we choose to
act and think
10. All Total Behaviour is designated by verbs and named by the part that is the most
recognizable
Our behaviours (choices) are driven by 6 genetically driven needs (survival needs):!
o Food !
o Clothing !
o Shelter !
o Breathing !
o Personal safety !
o Security !
And four fundamental psychological needs;!
o Belonging/connecting/love !
o Power/significance/competence!
o Freedom/autonomy !
o Fun/learning !
The source of much personal unhappiness is failing or failed relationships with people
important to us !
Practice
Focus on the present – avoid discussing the past !
Avoid discussing symptoms and complains !
Focus on what client can do directly – act and think !
Avoid criticizing, blaming and/or complaining !
Remain non-judgemental and non-coercive – judge by the choice theory axel !
Excuses stand directly in the way of them making needed connections – making
excuses accepting the current situation and problem instead of change !
Focus on specifics – find who clients are disconnected from in order to find a way to
reconnect !
Make specific, workable plans !
WDEP system
Wants, Doing, Evalutation and Planning !
The reality therapist works with clients to: !
o Explore their wants and what they are doing to achieve those wants !
o Evaluating whether what they are doing is helpful or harmful to their goals, and
finally !
o Helping the client plan ways to change their behaviour !
Techniques
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Build a therapeutic relationship - understanding what the client wants by what they are
saying
Evaluation of the Current Relationship
o Assessment of present behaviour of the client by the therapist so as to know
exactly where and why the client is lacking to achieve his goals
o "Are your current behaviours helping you to come closer to your goal?"
§ 'Yes' then the behaviour needs to continue further till it needs minor changes
§ 'No' then change in thinking and behaviour is requires
o The client has to know what they want
Planning Possible Behaviours
o Plan the possible behaviour of the client to help them to re-connect themselves to
their own social world
o A bad relationship is often the reason for a client to loose their quality world
§ This is step where the plan is built up with consent of client (their wants)
The acceptance of the client is very important as the success of the therapy
lies in the fact that-the client will show interest to bring about a change in
their behaviour if the plan satisfies their wants
o Here the therapist will assist the client to focus on the things that are under their
control (thoughts and actions)
o The gist of the reality therapy lies in the fact that- 'one has to focus on changing
one's own behaviour and thoughts' to come closer to the goal
Commitment to the plan
o The client can commit verbally or in written form
o Client reminded to bring change in behaviour to build a positive world
o The clients is responsible for the plan to work successfully as the steps taken for
action are worked out in their presence and with their concept
A complete evaluation
o If the plan doesn’t bring a change in the clients world then the possible plan of the
behaviour can be modified according to the wants of the client
o This can continue till the clients is fully satisfied and has got their quality world
back. The whole picture rotates around the client as they have to finally feel
comfortable in their world. Nobody can be a better judge to decide the success of
the plan other than the client and the helper
o Napoleon Hill's quote seems to convey the same theme – Man alone, has the
power to transform his thoughts into physical realty, can dream and make his
dream come true
Applications
Drug and alcohol treatment !
o US defence force !
Education system !
Adolescents with behavioural difficulties !
Motivational interviewing
Everything therapist knows that motivation is a vital element of change. Nowhere is
this clearer than in the treatment of addictive behaviours, which are, if one thinks about
it, fundamentally motivational problems. Addictive behaviours are by definition highly
motivated, in that they persist against an accumulating tide of aversive consequences.
When one continues to act despite great personal cost, something is overriding
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Document Summary

Lecture overview: reality therapy, overview, beginnings, choice therapy, practice, wdep, techniques, motivational interviewing, overview, beginnings, therapeutic components, therapeutic principles, techniques and skills, stages of change, evidence, conclusion. This became the theoretical underpinning of reality therapy: rejected formal diagonise move away from medical model and treatment plans, robert wubbolding, conceptualization of wdep system. Action, thinking, feeling and physiology (sensing: all total behaviours is chosen, but we only have direct control over the acting and thinking components. "yes" then the behaviour needs to continue further till it needs minor changes. This is step where the plan is built up with consent of client (their wants) The whole picture rotates around the client as they have to finally feel comfortable in their world. Applications: drug and alcohol treatment, us defence force, education system, adolescents with behavioural difficulties. Motivational interviewing: everything therapist knows that motivation is a vital element of change.

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