BIOL2161 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Coding Region, Exon, Prokaryote
BIOL6: Genes: Replication and
Expression
Block 3: Gene structure & regulation in eukaryotes
Eukaryotic Gene Structure
• Comparison of prokaryote and eukaryote gene structure
o
• Components for forming a functional gene product
o Prokaryotes
• Prootor → expression level and timing
• Transcription start site
• Coding region (nucleotides encoding peptide or RNA)
• Terminator
o Eukaryotes
• Prootor → epressio level ad tiig
• Ehaers → epressio level
• Coding region (nucleotides encoding peptide or RNA)
• Poly(A) sites →RNA stailit → epressio level
• Splie sites → isofors
• Expression of eukaryotic genes
o Transcription occurs in the nucleus but translation occurs in the cytoplasm
o RNA molecules are processed before leaving the nucleus
o Processing includes removal of part of the primary transcript
• Key features of eukaryotic genes:
o Monocistronic:
• Genes result in individual mRNA, each gene with own promotor
o Introns:
• Non-coding sequence between coding regions, removed from RNA after
transcription
• Human:
▪ Approx. 90bp
▪ Average at 3.3kb
▪ Longest 17kb
• Exon:
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