BIOL2161 Lecture 5: BIOL2161 - Gene structure, expression & regulation in prokaryotes
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BIOL6: Genes: Replication and Expression
Block 2: Gene structure & regulation in prokaryotes
RNA
• Ribose sugar
• Uracil instead of thymine
• Shorter than DNA
• Single stranded
• May have secondary and tertiary structure
• Less stable than DNA
Transcription
• Transcription unit
o
• Non-template strand is written to 5' to 3' direction
• Template is 3' to 5' end
• Write down non-template strand looks exactly like the RNA transcript - this is so you don’t
have to convert into complementary base pairs and into RNA in your head
• What we need for transcription
o Ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs)
o RNA polymerase (binds rNTPs together)
o Sigma factor
o DNA
Nucleic acid synthesis
• Both DNA and RNA chains are produced by copying of template DNA strands
• Nucleic acid strands grow in the 5’ 3’ direction
• RNA polymerases can initiate strand growth unlike DNA polymerases which require a primer
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