BMS129 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Iodine Deficiency, Endometrium, Seminiferous Tubule
BMS129 Study guide - Week 9 Section 3 - Endocrinology
This topic is split into 3 lectures:
1. A general overview of the endocrine system
2. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
3. Endocrine glands and disorders
General advice: read textbook references, lecture slides, any relevant textbook
questions, and assess learning against learning outcomes.
Lecture 3 - Other endocrine glands and their disorders
Recommended readings
: Saladin Chapter 17 pp 645-654 & 667-672 and the third
lecture of the endocrine system lectures.
When finished with this section, test your knowledge against these learning outcomes,
and go back to revise the ones you are unfamiliar with.
1. Pineal gland; state its location, list the hormone/s it produces and their effects
2. Thyroid gland; state its location, describe its structure, list hormones produced &
their effects & describe its disorders
3. Parathyroid gland; state its location, describe its structure, list hormones
produced & their effects & describe its disorders
4. Adrenal glands; state their location, describe its structure, list hormones
produced & their effects & describe its disorders
5. The pancreatic islets; state their location, describe their structure, list hormones
produced & their effects & describe its disorders
6. The gonads; state their location, describe their structure, list hormones produced
and their effects
Pineal gland
Location
Hormones produced
Effects
Between two hemispheres
Centre of brain
In roof of third ventricle
Melatonin
Contributes to sleep/wake
cycles (body clock)
Most other animals:
reproduction and seasonal
breeding
Remember: melatonin, sleep cycles, centre of brain, third ventricle
Test yourself: where is the pineal gland located?
Thyroid gland
Location
Structure
Effects
Disorders
Neck
Inferior to larynx
Wrapped around
trachea
Largest
Two winglike lobes
joined inferiorly by
isthmus (narrow
bridge of tissue)
Microscopically:
sacs called thyroid
follicles lined by
follicular cells
(secrete T3 & T4)
that surround
protein-rich colloid
Thyroxine T4
Triiodothyronine T3
Increase basal
metabolic rate
Increase respiration
rate, breakdown of
fat, carbs, protein
for energy, increase
growth and
maturation proteins,
increase heat
production and food
intake, increase
heart rate and
cardiac muscle
contraction,
increase growth of
NS and bone
Goitre
Iodine deficiency →
insufficient T3/T4
→ decreased
negative feedback
on TRH/TSH →
high levels of
TRH/TSH →
stimulate growth of
thyroid gland
Parafollicular C
cells (secrete
calcitonin) between
follicles
Calcitonin
Increase osteoblast
activity → promote
calcium deposition
and bone formation
Hypothyroidism
Dwarfism, mental
retardation,
thickened facial
features, lethargy
Document Summary
Bms129 study guide - week 9 section 3 - endocrinology. This topic is split into 3 lectures: a general overview of the endocrine system, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, endocrine glands and disorders. General advice: read textbook references, lecture slides, any relevant textbook questions, and assess learning against learning outcomes. Lecture 3 - other endocrine glands and their disorders. Recommended readings : saladin chapter 17 pp 645-654 & 667-672 and the third lecture of the endocrine system lectures. Remember: melatonin, sleep cycles, centre of brain, third ventricle. Decreased negative feedback on trh/tsh high levels of. Two winglike lobes joined inferiorly by isthmus (narrow bridge of tissue) Microscopically: sacs called thyroid follicles lined by follicular cells (secrete t3 & t4) that surround protein-rich colloid. Increase respiration rate, breakdown of fat, carbs, protein for energy, increase growth and maturation proteins, increase heat production and food intake, increase heart rate and cardiac muscle contraction, increase growth of.
