CHM102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Reaction Mechanism, Chemical Equilibrium, Chemical Kinetics
Visualizing Connectivity in Molecules
- If molecules have the same formula (same atoms) but different connectivity
patterns—they are called constitutional or structural isomers.
EXAMPLE:
- Ethanol and dimethyl ether have the same molecular formula, C2H6O, but they
are different compounds.
- The different connectivities for ethanol and dimethyl ether can be represented
using a condensed formula, structural formula, or a molecular model:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum—An Overview
- The wavelength is the distance between two successive wave maxima.
- Frequency (ν) refers to the number of peaks that pass by a fixed point per unit
time. It is the inverse of wavelength
- Amplitude is the height of the wave measured from the
Chemical Reaction, Chemical Change
A chemical reaction is a process in which substances are formed as a result of
redistribution of matter (atoms, ions, electrons) and energy.
EXAMPLE: P4(s) + 6 Cl2(g) → 4 PCl3(ℓ)
Balanced chemical equations
The total electric charge on the reactants is equal to the total electric charge on the
products.
The number of atoms of each element in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms
of each element in the products.
EXAMPLE: Cu(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)
What can balanced chemical equations tell us?
- A chemical equation tells us what are the reactants and products and indicate
their physical state.
Document Summary
If molecules have the same formula (same atoms) but different connectivity patterns they are called constitutional or structural isomers. Ethanol and dimethyl ether have the same molecular formula, c2h6o, but they are different compounds. The different connectivities for ethanol and dimethyl ether can be represented using a condensed formula, structural formula, or a molecular model: The wavelength is the distance between two successive wave maxima. Frequency ( ) refers to the number of peaks that pass by a fixed point per unit time. Amplitude is the height of the wave measured from the. A chemical reaction is a process in which substances are formed as a result of redistribution of matter (atoms, ions, electrons) and energy. Example: p4(s) + 6 cl2(g) 4 pcl3( ) The total electric charge on the reactants is equal to the total electric charge on the products.
