BCCB2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Intermembrane Space, Enzyme, Dinitrophenol
22 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Dr Steven Bottomley
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Niacin and NAD{+:
-NAD+/NADH needs nicotinamide
oA derivative of niacin
-Niacin (nicotinic acid) can be synthesised from tryptophan
oBut humans cannot synthesise enough and must get niacin from diet
-Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra
oDermatitis (rough skin), diarrhoea, and dementia…leading to death
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Electron Carriers:
-There are three other types of electron carriers for the electron transport chain
mostly bound to inner mitochondrial membrane:
oUbiquinone hydrophobic benzoquinone
oCytochromes iron present in a haem
oIron-sulphur proteins iron not in haem but as a complex of sulphur
and iron atoms joined to the protein through cysteine residues
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Document Summary
Nad+/nadh needs nicotinamide: a derivative of niacin. Niacin (nicotinic acid) can be synthesised from tryptophan: but humans cannot synthesise enough and must get niacin from diet. Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra: dermatitis (rough skin), diarrhoea, and dementia leading to death. There are three other types of electron carriers for the electron transport chain. Flow of electrons generated from oxidation of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and proteins finally converge, and carried by nadh and fadh2 to reduce oxygen to h2o. Electron transfer from nadh and fadh2 occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane through a series of electron transfer reactions called the electron transport chain" or the respiratory chain". The process of using oxygen and forming water at the molecular level is known as respiration": different from pulmonary respiration. In prokaryotes (e. g. bacteria) the electron transport chain occurs in the cell membrane. Protein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. 1cytochrome c does not belong to any particular complex.
