BCCB2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Non-Coding Rna, Purine, Small Nuclear Rna
23 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Dr Steven Bottomley
Importance of Nucleotides
oPrecursors of nucleic acids DNA and RNA
oPrecursors of ‘energy carriers’ ATP and GTP
oComponents of cofactors NAD, FAD, S-adenosylmethionine, coenzyme A
oComponents of activated intermediates UDP-glucose, CDP-
diacylglycerol
oMetabolic regulators (second messengers) cAMP, cGMP
Nitrogenous Bases:
oAll of these bases are planar molecules
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oThe nitrogen can act as a base due to its lone pair of electrons
Nucleoside and Nucleotide Sugars:
oNote: The atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside or nucleotide are
labelled with an apostrophe e.g. 5’ and pronounced ‘5 prime’. This is
to distinguish them from the atoms in the base.
Nucleotides:
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Naming Bases, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides:
Base Ribonucleoside Ribonucleotide
Adenine Adenosine Adenylate (AMP)
Guanine Guanosine Guanylate (GMP)
Uracil Uridine Uridylate (UMP)
Cytosine Cytidine Cytidylate
Base Deoxyribonucleside Deoxyribonucletide
Adenine Deoxyadenosine Deoxyadenylate (dAMP)
Guanine Deoxyguanosine Deoxyguanylate (dGMP)
Thymine Deoxythymidine Deoxythymidylate (dTMP)
Cytosine Deoxycytidine Deoxycytidylate (dCMP)
Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA):
DNA Structure and Properties:
oDNA is a macromolecule and its structure is hierarchical
oSimilar to protein structure
oPrimary Structure – Sequence and Structure of nucleotides
oSecondary Structure – Base pair interactions between separate chains
to form helix structures
oTertiary Structure – A, B, and Z-DNA conformations
oQuaternary Structure – interactions with histones and folding into
chromosomes
oThe base composition of DNA determines its physical properties
oTwo chains of DNA combine to form a double helix.
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Document Summary
Nitrogenous bases: all of these bases are planar molecules, the nitrogen can act as a base due to its lone pair of electrons. Nucleoside and nucleotide sugars: note: the atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside or nucleotide are labelled with an apostrophe e. g. 5" and pronounced 5 prime". This is to distinguish them from the atoms in the base. A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine: one strand is complementary to another, the deoxyribosephosphate backbone is orientated on the outside of the molecule and the hydrophobic bases are stacked on the inside of the molecule. Dna structure and properties: base pairing by. Melting temperate (tm) temperature at which half of the helical structure is lost. Dna with high g-c content have higher tm than dna with high a-t content: heat and ph affects hydrogen bond interaction but does not affect phosphodiester bonds of the sugar-phosphate backbone.
