ASR100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Deakin University, Orthopraxy, Polytheism

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14 May 2018
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Deakin University ASR100 Trimester Two 2017
Week Six: Judaism I - History, Beliefs and Practices
Key Features of Judaism
Monotheistic religion belief in one God
The oldest of the monotheistic religions, originated in the Middle East over 3500 years ago
intimately connected to the other two major Western religions: Christianity and Islam same
founding figure of Abraham
Singular relationship with a God who directly intervenes in history, and who reveals his will to
them
Mutual relatioship oeat etee the Jeish people ad God; the hose people
In exchange for all the good that God has done for the Jewish people, Jewish people keep
Gods las ad tr to rig holiess ito eer aspet of their lies.
The central and most important religious document of Judaism is the Torah (which forms part
of the Tanakh)
The most important commentarial work is called the Talmud
Spiritual leaders are called Rabbis.
Jews worship in Synagogues.
Practice: emphasis on maintaining traditions and sense of history or shared memory reaching
back to the foundations of Judaism
A Note on Names
Hebrew (the people) nomad, one from the other side (of the river). Generally refers to
Jews of earlier Biblical times
Hebrew (the language) modern Hebrew is one of the two official languages of Israel.
cf. Biblical/Ancient Hebrew sacred language
cf. Yiddish
Jew derives from Judah/Yehuda (son of Jacob). Southern Kingdom of Judah (~900BCE)
Israel Derives from passage in Genesis where God says to Jacob: Your name shall no longer
e Jao ut Israel [he ho restles ith God]. Jaos desedats are alled Israelites
United Kingdom of Israel (1000-900BCE)
Northern Kingdom of Israel
modern state of Israel
God various names. JHWH or YHWH (Yahweh), Gd, Adonai
Jewish Identity and Judaism
Being Jewish is belonging to a people, identifying with and participating in an ongoing culture,
rather than holding beliefs (many secular and atheist/agnostic Jews). A person born to a
Jewish mother is considered a Jew.
Orthopraxy vs orthodoxy
cultural identity vs religious identity
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Deakin University ASR100 Trimester Two 2017
‘eall Niia “arts  diesios of religio rituals, soial ad istitutioal, ethial
Religion vs spirituality
Judaism is a religion of tradition and practice
Judaism is communally-oriented
To be Jewish is to adhere to a way of life and belong to a history and a people
That belonging is given expression in commemorations and celebrations, patterns of
worship and festival, celebration of rites of passage (see last slide for examples)
Key Historical Moments
Abraham and the Covenant (2000 BCE):
Abraham is called by God to leave his home in Babylon
In exchange for obedience to divine commands and worship of God as the only deity, Abraham
will become the father of a great nation, to whom the land of Canaan will be given. All Jewish
boys circumcised on the 8th day after birth as a mark of this covenant.
Abraham has a son, Isaac. God tests his faith by commanding Abraham to sacrifice him as a
burnt offering; God sends an angel to stop the sacrifice at the last moment.
Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling
Isaa has  sos: Jao ad Esau. Jao is lessed  a agel ad gie the ae Israel -
the hapio of God. Callig the Jeish people the hildre of Israel sigifies deset
from Jacob. Jacob has 12 sons, who are the ancestors of the tribes of Israel
Period of Egyptian Enslavement (1600-1300BCE)
Jaos fail effetiel all the Here tries igrate to Egpt as a result of famine (again
uderstood as part of Gods pla.
Oer tie the Heres eoe eslaed  the Egptias. The hose people are o a
lost people, far from home a key repeating pattern in Jewish history.
Exodus under Moses (1300BC)
The prophet Moses leads the Children of Israel out of Egypt on a 40 year trek back to the
proised lad – a lad floig ith ilk ad hoe E :.
Moses brings the Torah (direct word of God) down from Mt Sinai; 613 commandments
(mitzvot)
The great oeat – if the people obey God and observe the commandments, they will
become a holy and beloved nation, a kingdom of priests
Moses dies ad the people relai Caaa the proised lad uder Joshua Moses
assistant/successor), taking it by force from rival tribes living there
United Kingdom under David and Solomon (1000-900BCE)
Continued wars of defence of the promised land
This short 100 year period is the only time of a Jewish state (sovereign independence of a
national and political entity) up until the emergence of modern Zionism.
From this time Judaism is characterised by the yearning to have this state restored under an
appropriately anoited leader: the ideal of a kigdo uder God
The First Teple is uilt i Jerusale aka “oloos Teple
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Document Summary

Week six: judaism i - history, beliefs and practices. Singular relationship with a god who directly intervenes in history, and who reveals his will to them: mutual relatio(cid:374)ship (cid:894)(cid:272)o(cid:448)e(cid:374)a(cid:374)t(cid:895) (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) the je(cid:449)ish people a(cid:374)d god; the (cid:862)(cid:272)hose(cid:374) people(cid:863) In exchange for all the good that god has done for the jewish people, jewish people keep. Jews worship in synagogues: practice: emphasis on maintaining traditions and sense of history or shared memory reaching back to the foundations of judaism. A note on names: hebrew (the people) nomad, (cid:863)one from the other side (of the river)(cid:863). Jews of earlier biblical times: hebrew (the language) modern hebrew is one of the two official languages of israel. cf. Jew derives from judah/yehuda (son of jacob). Israel derives from passage in genesis where god says to jacob: (cid:862)your name shall no longer (cid:271)e (cid:858)ja(cid:272)o(cid:271)(cid:859) (cid:271)ut (cid:858)israel(cid:859) [he (cid:449)ho (cid:449)restles (cid:449)ith god](cid:863).

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