HSH206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Operant Conditioning, Masturbation, Social Cognitive Theory
Theoretical approaches to human development
Freud's psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that the human behaviour is the result
of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: The id, ego and superego.
Freud's structure of the human mind
The ID
• Basic physical needs and urges
• Operates unconsciously
Example- If you walked past a stranger with an ice cream, your ID would most likely take the ice
cream for itself.
The Superego
• Social rules and morals
• 'Conscience'
• Develops as a child learns what their culture considers right and wrong
Example- If your super ego walked past the same stranger, it would not take the ice cream because
it is wrong and would be rude. However, if your ID were also involved, it may take the ice cream
however you would feel guilt and shame afterwards due to your superego
The Ego
• Rational & Pragmatic part of our personality
• Partly conscious and partly unconscious
• 'Self' - job is to balance demands of the Id and superego in the practical context of reality
Psychosexual stages of development- 5 stages
Each psychosexual stage is directly related to a different physical centre of pleasure
Oral
• 0-1 year olds
• Baby's get satisfaction from putting things into their mouths
• Mouth sucking, swallowing etc.
Anal
• 1-3 year olds
• Withholding or expelling faeces
Phallic
• 3-5 years
• Child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences
• Masturbation (Self-pleasure)
Latency
• 5 or 6 to puberty
• No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage
• Little or no sexual motivation present
Genital
• Puberty to adult
• Sex (Heterosexual pleasure)
Erikson's psychosocial theory
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Document Summary
Sigmund freud"s psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that the human behaviour is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego and superego. The id: basic physical needs and urges, operates unconsciously. Example- if you walked past a stranger with an ice cream, your id would most likely take the ice cream for itself. "conscience: develops as a child learns what their culture considers right and wrong. Example- if your super ego walked past the same stranger, it would not take the ice cream because it is wrong and would be rude. However, if your id were also involved, it may take the ice cream however you would feel guilt and shame afterwards due to your superego. The ego: rational & pragmatic part of our personality, partly conscious and partly unconscious. "self" - job is to balance demands of the id and superego in the practical context of reality.
