SCI1186 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Extracellular Matrix, Gastrulation, Blastula
SCI1187 – Form and Function in Biology
Lecture 7 Non-animal world and flowering plants
Week 7 module 6
PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF LIFE
ANIMALS
Multicellular
• Held together by structural proteins
• Extracellular matrix
Heterotrophic
• Food from external sources
Tissues
• Specialised cells
• Proteins unique to each tissue
• Develop from embryonic layers
Body plan fixed, growth determinate
• Zygote cell → blastula → gastrula → embryonic tissue layers
Document Summary
Multicellular: held together by structural proteins, extracellular matrix. Tissues: specialised cells, proteins unique to each tissue, develop from embryonic layers. Body plan fixed, growth determinate: zygote cell blastula gastrula embryonic tissue layers. But there are other ways: continuous growth. Indeterminate: persistent embryonic tissues, cells with walls outside membrane, chitin (fungi, cellulose (plants, other polymers (algae and other protists) Fungi: bodies of filaments, reproduction by spores, diverse spore-producing structures. Sometimes, the cells divide but the walls don"t form multinucleate cells: fungi, algae. Dinoflagellates that live in symbiosis with coral polyps. Organised into: root system, root tip covered by a root cap, protects apical meristem, root pushes through soil, shoot system, more complex leaves. Plants grow at the tips: shoot apex, root apex. Produce many new cells that are all the same. Different kinds of cells develop in different places for different functions.