NPP1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Clinical Urine Tests, Basal Metabolic Rate, Intravenous Therapy
5 Jun 2018
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WEEK 4 – NUTRITION, ELIMINATION AND HYDRATION
Energy requirements
• Basal metabolic rate (BMR) – minimal energy required for life
Nutritional assessment
• Awareness of nutritional patterns for patient (eg cultural, religious)
• Dietary history, allergies
• Weight pattern, BMI
• Effects of medication on appetite and nutrition
Dysphagia
• Difficulty with safe swallowing
• Not in student scope of practice
• Problems caused:
- Choking
- Aspiration – food/fluid in lungs
- Socio emotional effect
Fluid flow and balance
• Maintain normal fluid and acid base balands thru bodys adaptive
mechanisms
• Fluid distribution
- Intracellular fluid – (30-40% body weight)
- Extracellular fluid – Intravascular and interstitial
• Electrolytes
- Positive and negative ions that create charge differences, action
potential and fluid homeostasis
• Intravenous therapy
- Restore/maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
- Nutrition
- Medication administration
Fluid assessment
• Clinical assessment
- History
- Physical assessment (headaches, thirst etc)
- Urine
• Fluid balance
• Blood chemistry
• MONITORED THROUGH FLUID BALANCE WORKSHEET – intake and
output
- Intake – oral fluids, feeding tubes, IV fluids
- Output – urine, diarrhoea, vomit, gastric suction/drainage, blood loss,
wound drainage
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