MMED1005 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Inulin, Filter Paper, Proximal Tubule

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Urine formation:
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What do the kidneys do?
- Clean and filter your blood to remove wastes
- Help stimulate the production of red blood cells
- Regulate blood pressure
- Help regulate potassium, sodium (all sodium goes through to the bladder filtered,
unless reabsorption occurs), chloride, calcium, and phosphorus
- Help control how much water is in your body
- Help regulate the acidity of your blood
- The kidneys filter everything we need for life. Large plasma proteins and blood cells
are not filtered through the kidneys should never be seen in the kidneys or in urine
Anatomy of urinary tract:
-
- the heart pumps oxygenated blood from the left side out of the left ventricle, comes
out the abdominal aorta (red in diagram). Major supply to the kidneys is by the renal
arteries.
- There is the outer renal cortex (which looks like a vein) and a renal medulla.
- The fluid in the renal pelvis is the same as the in ureter, the bladder (a storage site),
and urine.
- Filtration, reabsorption and secretion take place in the renal cortex and the renal
medulla and everything that drains down the renal pelvis is waste.
Characteristics of the kidneys:
- There are normally two kidneys in every human being (although it is quite possible
to live with only one).
- The basic working unit of the kidney is the nephron. There are about 1 million
nephrons in each kidney.
- Normally about 200 litres of water are filtered through the kidneys daily and only
about 2 litres are passed as urine.
- Normally about 20% of cardiac output goes to the kidneys.
How do the kidneys do their job?
- The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a grouping of blood vessels and renal
tubules that plays an important role in the control of blood pressure and
blood volume
- *Note that the there are many glomerulus branches to increase surface
area for filtrationw
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Document Summary

Clean and filter your blood to remove wastes. Help stimulate the production of red blood cells. Help regulate potassium, sodium (all sodium goes through to the bladder (cid:858)filtered(cid:859), unless reabsorption occurs), chloride, calcium, and phosphorus. Help control how much water is in your body. Help regulate the acidity of your blood. The kidneys filter everything we need for life. Large plasma proteins and blood cells are not filtered through the kidneys should never be seen in the kidneys or in urine. Anatomy of urinary tract: the heart pumps oxygenated blood from the left side out of the left ventricle, comes out the abdominal aorta (red in diagram). Major supply to the kidneys is by the renal arteries. There is the outer renal cortex (which looks like a vein) and a renal medulla. The fluid in the renal pelvis is the same as the in ureter, the bladder (a storage site), and urine.

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