1001NSC Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Abo Blood Group System, Neonatal Jaundice, Anemia
20 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
New Blood - Maintenance I
Fluids of the blood
Blood: composed of plasma (55%) & variety of cells (45%), transports nutrients and wastes
Interstital fluid: bathes the cells of the body
Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from the blood into the interstitial fluid and then into the cells
Wastes move in the reverse direction
Hematology: study of blood and blood disorders
Functions of blood:
Transport nutrients and waste products
Transport of gas
Transport of hormones
Regulation of body temperature
Regulation of pH (7.35-7.45)
Prevention of blood loss
Prevention of infection
Physical characteristics of blood:
Thicker than water and flows slowly
Temperature of 38 degrees
Constitutes 8% of total body weight
Blood volume: 5-6 litres in male, 4-5 litres in female
Hormonal negative feedback systems maintain constant blood volume and osmotic
pressure
Type of connective tissue
Cellular components of blood: red blood cells [erthrocytes] (45%), white blood cells [leukocytes]
(<1%), platelets
Non-cellular components of blood (plasma): 91.5% water, 7% plasma protein, 1.5% other solutes
(salts, gases, wastes)
Erthrocytes:
Produced in red bone marrow
Specialised oxygen-carrying cells
Carry CO2 as well
No nucleus (only last 120 days)
Bi-concave disc shape
Contain haemoglobin (important for gas transport)
Controlled by hormone released in kidney: erythropoietin
Haemoglobin
Iron-containing
Four molecules of oxygen carried per molecule of haemoglobin
Red colour of blood is from iron in haemoglobin
Sickle-cell anaemia:
Hereditary autosomal recessive Hb defect caused by point mutation in haemoglobin
Porphyria:
Malfunction in haemoglobin production
Low number of erythrocytes
Photosensitivity (low tolerance of light)
Very pale skin, bluish lips
Atrophy of gums (receding)
Craving for iron
ABO group:
ABO blood grouping was discovered by Karl Landsteiner
Blood type A has A antigens
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Document Summary
Blood: composed of plasma (55%) & variety of cells (45%), transports nutrients and wastes. Interstital uid: bathes the cells of the body. Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from the blood into the interstitial uid and then into the cells. Blood volume: 5-6 litres in male, 4-5 litres in female. Hormonal negative feedback systems maintain constant blood volume and osmotic pressure. Cellular components of blood: red blood cells [erthrocytes] (45%), white blood cells [leukocytes] (<1%), platelets. Non-cellular components of blood (plasma): 91. 5% water, 7% plasma protein, 1. 5% other solutes (salts, gases, wastes) Four molecules of oxygen carried per molecule of haemoglobin. Red colour of blood is from iron in haemoglobin. Hereditary autosomal recessive hb defect caused by point mutation in haemoglobin. Abo blood grouping was discovered by karl landsteiner. Antibodies: to antigens a and b appear 2-8 months after birth and are at maximum concentration at age 10. Aggluation (clumping) of erythrocytes occurs micro clots block blood vessels leading to vessel ruptures.
