1001NSC Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Haversian Canal, Hyaline Cartilage, Appendicular Skeleton
20 Jun 2018
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week 4!
The Human Skeleton
Compromised of bone and cartilage
Provides support and protection (around important organs: brain, heart, lungs)
3 Types of cartilage:
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
206 bones
Axial skeleton: 80 bones (cranium, neck, spine, ribs)
Appendicular skeleton: 126 bones (arms, legs, pelvis)
5 basic types of bones: long (compact), short (spongey except surface), flat, irregular (variable),
sesamoid (develop in tendon or ligament e.g. patella)
Typical long bone (femur): two ends (epiphyses), one shaft (diaphysis), white outer fibrous
membrane (periosteum), articular cartilage (caps the epiphyses), medullary (inner cavity)
Bone matrix: intercellular bone structure: strong, hard, durable (made of calcium-phosphate
crystals and collagen (protein that is strong and rope-like))
Bone tissue: dynamic, consistently changing structure involving three major cell types
Two types of bone:
Compact bone: solid, dense, shiny, hard
Spongey bone: sponge-like with specs and trabeculae (bony struts surrounded by bone
marrow)
Osteogenic cell: bone creating stem cell
Osteoblast: make bone crystal. Sits on the outer and inner area of bone
B for build
Osteoclasts: chew at bone matrix. Sits on outside of bone. Eats bone crystal. Dissolved calcium is
released into blood system
C for chew
Osteocytes: mature bone cells. Sits in resting state within bone. Maintains and nourishes bone
Skull: designed with compact bone then spongey then compact, so that if you get hit on head,
compact will get hit but spongey will take most of the hit
Compact bone:
Osteon: rings of mineralised matrix (rings of bone crystal, calcium and phosphate crystal
(hardness) and collagen fibres provide strength
Osteocytes: spaces in between lamellae
Haversian canal: central osteon canal, nutrients and O2 from blood vessels through canaliculi to
osteocytes
Hormonal control of bone growth:
Thyroid gland: (in throat) secretes calcitonin, stimulates osteoblast activity, stimulates bone
synthesis, decreases blood calcium levels
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Provides support and protection (around important organs: brain, heart, lungs) Axial skeleton: 80 bones (cranium, neck, spine, ribs) 5 basic types of bones: long (compact), short (spongey except surface), at, irregular (variable), sesamoid (develop in tendon or ligament e. g. patella) Typical long bone (femur): two ends (epiphyses), one shaft (diaphysis), white outer brous membrane (periosteum), articular cartilage (caps the epiphyses), medullary (inner cavity) Bone matrix: intercellular bone structure: strong, hard, durable (made of calcium-phosphate crystals and collagen (protein that is strong and rope-like)) Bone tissue: dynamic, consistently changing structure involving three major cell types. Spongey bone: sponge-like with specs and trabeculae (bony struts surrounded by bone marrow) Sits on the outer and inner area of bone. Skull: designed with compact bone then spongey then compact, so that if you get hit on head, compact will get hit but spongey will take most of the hit.
