AHIS170 Lecture 9: Ahis170-Lec-9
Document Summary
* nubia was an important source of raw materials (copper, gold, carnelian, amethyst, granite, ivory and ebony) that were obtained by trade, or egyptian quarrying/mining expeditions. * early dynastic: expeditions return to safety of nile valley. * ok: increase in trade = semi-permanent settlements established in nubia. * mk: military campaigns conducted, former semi-permanent settlements became forts. * function of the forts, e. g. , buhen, located north of second cataract: * planned settlement, rectangular layout with blocks of housing, clear religious, administrative and. Defend egyptian border from nubian aggression sign of egyptian strength. Supply base for military campaigns and expeditions to exploit nubian raw materials. Provide protection for land-based trade as cataracts unnavigable by boat. Secure trade routes, e. g. , to kerma in upper nubia. military precincts, surrounded by 5m thick mudbrick wall with bastions and large drawbridge. * copper, gold, amethyst and carnelian (all in nubia) * finished products (jewellry) silver bracelets tomb of queen hetepheres, floral circlet, pectoral.