HLTH200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Secretary-General Of The United Nations, Systematic Review, Global Health
28 May 2018
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HLTH200 Week 12 Lectures:
Teenage Pregnancy
How come is it?
• Most common in 1952-1962; decline at this point
• 30-34 years – increasing
• 20-25 years – decreasing
• teenage pregnancy = decreasing
• the ABS defines teenage women as younger than 20
• For every 1000 teenage women, 16.1 had a baby in 2012
o Vs. 17.4 in 2002
o 26.5 in US
o 29 in UK
• Births by teenage mothers relatively low in Australia
• Births by population groups
o More likely from indigenous women, in remote and very remote areas,
in the lowest SES areas
Is teenage pregnancy a problem?
• Higher rates of anaemia (14% teenage mums vs. 6% other mothers)
o Contributing factor to pre-term delivery and low birthweight
• Less likely to be employed/pursue further education
• More likely to experience post natal depression (26% vs. 13%)
• Higher rates of smoking (32% vs. 14%)
• Child outcome
o Pre-term birth
o Low birthweight
o Associated complications
o Greater disadvantage
Outcomes of teenage pregnancy
• Mater-University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes
• Prospective study of women, and their offspring, who received antenatal care
at a major public hospital (Mater Misericordiae Hospital) in South Brisbane,
Australia, between 1981 and 1984.
• Child outcomes at age 14 years – higher in psychological and behavioural
problems amongst all areas with mothers 18 or younger
• Higher in delinquency and health problems – explains differences in health
• The associations between maternal age and psychological distress, school
performance, and smoking and alcohol use were all largely explained by
socioeconomic factors, maternal depression, family structure and maternal
smoking.
• Not all teenage mothers and their offspring have adverse outcomes, and that
many if not the majority have good outcomes.
Disadvantage and early motherhood (similar results)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• ALSWH younger cohort
• 9604 women participating in Survey 1 and 2
• Differences not as pronounced, but same patterns were evident suggests pre-
existing disadvantage
• Prior disadvantage –
o At survey 2 – compared to childless women, existing mothers and new
mothers had almost identical results
o They were still more likely to
▪ Live in rural or remote areas
▪ Be cohabiting, married or to have been through marriage (i.e.
currently divorced, separated or widowed)
▪ Have low levels of education
▪ Out of the workforce and not studying
• What changed?
o Survey 2 – adter adjusting for earlier patterns at survey 1, the most
pronounced differences were that, compared to women, mothers were
more likely to be
▪ Separated, divorced or widowed
▪ Out of workforce
▪ Overweight/obese
o Less likely to
▪ Drink
▪ Smoke (new mothers)
Conclusion:
• Younger mothers experience a number of socioeconomic disadvantages and
unhealthy behaviours.
• However, women who are not yet mothers but who become “young mothers”
experience much the same disadvantages.
• When these pre-existing disadvantages are controlled for by statistical
adjustment, the additional level of disadvantage accrued to young mothers is
much less than is the level of disadvantage that precedes young
motherhood.
→ Early motherhood did not substantially increase their level of
disadvantage beyond which already existed.
Prior disadvantage (other evidence):
• A systematic review of:
o Controlled trials on interventions for early parenthood
o Thematic synthesis of qualitative studies on early parenthood
• Three main themes associated with early parenthood emerged from
qualitative studies:
o dislike of school
o poor material circumstances and unhappy childhood
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Outcomes of teenage pregnancy: mater-university study of pregnancy (musp) and its outcomes, prospective study of women, and their offspring, who received antenatal care at a major public hospital (mater misericordiae hospital) in south brisbane, Early motherhood did not substantially increase their level of disadvantage beyond which already existed. It is probably not that easy to obtain further education without much money to support oneself and a baby, particularly if one has a poor family relationships with limited social support. Teen mothers and flourishing: the most significant predictors of flourishing or doing well (e. g. , feeling optimistic about the future, being engaged in different activities), good self-esteem, perceived social support, things which don"t go hand-in-hand with experiencing stigma. Stigma and early parenthood: stigmatised adolescents feel, isolated, hurt by other teenagers from criticism/verbal abuse, criticised. Definitions: the need for governance exists anytime a group of people come together to accomplish an end.
