LING121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Monogenetic Volcanic Field, Grimm'S Law, Palate
3 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
LING121 Week 9b
Ferdinaund de Sasurre
- Applied the notion of system to language at any stage, and that ushered the 20th
century with description of structures and systems of language
- Internal reconstruction – you can re-construct languages from derived languages to
come to a prototype
- Look at a system of a language and compare what could be older forms, forms of
analogy – reconstruct previous stages from certain processes that are in the system
- Cases – an ending on the word which denotes the grammatical relations in a
sentence – Eglish ous do’t have cases, proous he/hi/his – some say
English has three cases and remanents of cases
Slide 1
- Student in 19th century would be historical lingstiics
- Relationship discovered between inidan and eurpoean branches at end of 18th
century – William jones gave it prominence
- Jones – comparative hisotirical lingists – language is more perfect – essentially every
language develops and satisfies the needs of the community that uses it – grammar
can make it more refined though – refrain from which language is more beautiful
- Some lingistsics in 19th century beleivd lose of cases in English is a sign of decay –
when with cases perfect, losing these desotrys system – not true – different way of
opporation
- What indo-eurpoean historic linguistics do is reconstruct preivius forms and they
derevie them all from the exisitining lanaguges for the protoform – arrive at by
comparing the different languages that developed from them – ancestor use proto –
asrtix for forms not attested but reconstructed
- Astrix denotes an ungrammatical sentence – but in historical linguistics it means not
attested
Comparative Reconstruction
- Sometimes relationship is obscure
- Cognate
- To discover what was the earliest form
- Majority principle – several languages related – if most languages have a particular
sound, that is the original one – those in a minority changed
- Natural development priniplce – think of what is common – end of word always
prone to loss in a lot of language – voiceless sounds become voiced – these
principles not absolute – stops that become fricative – consonants at end of words
become voiceless
Sound Reconstruction
Germanic lanaguge – anglos, Saxons, moved to British isles
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Applied the notion of system to language at any stage, and that ushered the 20th century with description of structures and systems of language. Internal reconstruction you can re-construct languages from derived languages to come to a prototype. Look at a system of a language and compare what could be older forms, forms of analogy reconstruct previous stages from certain processes that are in the system. Cases an ending on the word which denotes the grammatical relations in a sentence e(cid:374)glish (cid:374)ou(cid:374)s do(cid:374)"t have cases, pro(cid:374)ou(cid:374)s (cid:894)he/hi(cid:373)/his(cid:895) some say. English has three cases and remanents of cases. Student in 19th century would be historical lingstiics. Relationship discovered between inidan and eurpoean branches at end of 18th century william jones gave it prominence. Some lingistsics in 19th century beleivd lose of cases in english is a sign of decay when with cases perfect, losing these desotrys system not true different way of opporation.
