BIOL10004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dna Sequencing, Thymine, Guanine
Lecture 1: Genetics: Variation and Genome
Genetics is the study of variation between and among living things, and how this variation is
inherited
Genotype: describes the genetic constitution of an organism. Comes from a parent if haploid* or
parents if diploid*. It’s fied uless u liig chia ith chrispa
Phenotype: describes the morphological, biochemical and behavioural properties of an organism
resulting from a specific genotype and its interaction with the environment. Influence look and
behaviour and mental health, enzyme and hormone production.
Genome
• The total amount of genetic material in a chromosome set (In humans- one set of
chromosomes)
• The genetic material is DNA
• Sequencing a genome is working out the base sequence (adenine, thymine, cytosine and
guanine) of the DNA
• It does not tell the function of the sequence
• There are 2 genomes. One in mitochondria and one in nucleolus
o Use of this sequence
▪ Genome wise association sturdies GWAS
Involves rapidly scanning markers across the complete sets of DNAs, or
genomes, of many people to find genetic variations associated with a
disease.
Such studies are useful in finding genetic variations that contribute to
common, complex diseases, such as asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart disease
and mental illnesses
Variation can be:
• Entirely genetics
o Example: Huntington disease
o Mutation in DNA result in the production of a toxic protein which degrades brain
tissue
• Entirely environmental
o Example: fetal alcohol syndrome
• A combination of above
o Fox
o hydrangea : same genotype influence by PH. Colour change with the acidity
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Genetics is the study of variation between and among living things, and how this variation is inherited. Genotype: describes the genetic constitution of an organism. Comes from a parent if haploid* or parents if diploid*. It"s fi(cid:454)ed (cid:894)u(cid:374)less u li(cid:448)i(cid:374)g chi(cid:374)a (cid:449)ith chrispa(cid:895) Phenotype: describes the morphological, biochemical and behavioural properties of an organism resulting from a specific genotype and its interaction with the environment. Influence look and behaviour and mental health, enzyme and hormone production. It does not tell the function of the sequence: there are 2 genomes. One in mitochondria and one in nucleolus: use of this sequence, genome wise association sturdies gwas. Involves rapidly scanning markers across the complete sets of dnas, or genomes, of many people to find genetic variations associated with a disease. Such studies are useful in finding genetic variations that contribute to common, complex diseases, such as asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and mental illnesses.
