CHEM10003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Atomic Orbital, Wave Function, Linear Combination

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Quantum mechanics: atomic orbitals are solutions to the schr dinger equation, the orbitals are wave functions that describe the electrons as both particle and waves, atomic orbitals can each contain up to 2 electrons. In increasing order of energy (in a neutral atom: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. In fact, the schr dinger equation can only be solved exactly for the hydrogen atom and so for molecules we need to make assumptions. Each h atom has a 1s atomic orbital. But electrons have wave-like properties and can overlap constructively or destructively. Destructive overlap leads to a node in the electron density and therefore lies higher in energy: The shapes of the orbitals are obtained by squaring the wavefunction born interpretation: nodal plane means there is a plane where there is no probability of finding an electron in that space. Bond order = (no. of electrons in bonding orbitals no. of electrons in antibonding orbitals)

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