UNIB20014 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Autarky, Diminishing Returns, Raw Milk
29 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
LECTURE'11:'ECONOMIC'PERSPECTIVE'
KEY&QUESTIONS:&
• What'do'we'mean'by'security'of'food'supply?''
• Understanding'causes'behind'the'lack/abundance'of'food'-''poverty'and'obesity'and'their'reductive'
solutions.'
• The'historical'context'of'food'production,'consumption,'trade'and'prices''
• Explain'history'to'help'understand'the'future.'
• Looking'into'the'future:'prospects,'challenges'and'opportunities.''
• Evaluate'the'roles'of,'and'the'pros'and'cons'of,'markets'and'government'policies'for.''
FOOD&SECURITY:&
'
a'state'“when'all'people,'at'all'times,'have'physical,'social'and'economic'access'to'sufficient,'
safe'and'nutritious'food'which'meets'their'dietary'needs'and'food'preferences'for'an'active'
and'healthy'life”'–'FOA.'
Food'security'involved'a'combination:'
- the'ability'to'purchase'food.'–'includes'other'issues'of'distribution'and'inequality.''
- the'issue'involves'more'than'nutrition'–'the'social'and'pleasurable'aspects'of'food.'
- production'issue'–'availability'of'resources'needed.''
- the'ability'to'utilise'food'and'the'dietary'decisions.'
- an'individual/'country'does'not'need'to'be'self-sufficient'in'food'production.'
Food'security'involves'the'capacity'to'purchase'and'produce'–'and'the'ability'to'utilise.''
FOOD&SECUIRTY&AND&DURATION:&
- food'insecurity'is'conceptualised'in'terms'of'duration:'
o chronic:'long'term.'
o transitory:'short'term'e.g.'natural'disasters.'
MEASURES&OF&FOOD&SECURITY:&
Food'security'is'dependent'on'three'pillars:'
- availability'–'the'supply.''
- access'–'demand.''
- utilisation'–'wastage.''
macro'indicators:'economy'based'-'e.g.'food'expenditure'and'dietary'diversity'by'nation'or'
average'per'capita'–'does'not'take'into'account'unequal'distribution'or'wastage.''
micro'indicators:'individual'based'-'e.g.'distribution'within'individuals'and'households.'–'
measured'through:'
- weight'for'age/height'or'calorie/'micronutrient'intake.''
NUTRITION&CHALLENGES:&AUSTRALIA&
&
“High!income!and!agricultural!growth!has!reduced!the!number!of!undernourished!people!
from!21%!in!1990!to!12%!today”!
- high'income'allows'nations'to'import'and'produce'its'own'produce.!
Australia'exports'60%'of'production'–'however'imports'as'well.''
- 2%'in'australia'go'without'food'(10%'indigenous)'
- 30%'in'australia'are'obese.''
although'low'income'families'spend'the'least'on'food'–'it'is'portion'of'their'income'spend'is'
much'higher'than'the'wealthiest'families.''
'
HISTORY&OF&FOOD&PRODUCTION&
- Although' the' world' population' has' doubled' –' 1.7%' annually,' the' production' of' food' has'
increased'three'fold'from'1960'to'2011'–'increasing'over'2%'annually.'&
o through'mechanisation'and'technical'change.'–'innovation.&
o labour'decreased'and'land'increased'by'10%.&
- The'price'of'produce'has'fallen'–'however'have'become'more'volatile'–'less'magnitude'tho.&
o the'price'of'agriculture'is'associated'with'the'price'of'energy.'&
INCREASES&IN&DEMAND&
&
World'population'is'projected'to'increase'from'the'current'7.4'billion'to'nearly'10'billion'by'
2050,'with'most'of'the'growth'in'the'poorer'countries.'
&
Rapid'income'growth'and'increased'urban'share'in'much'of'Asia,'and'parts'of'Latin'America'
and'Africa,'is'increasing'food'demand:'
- especially'a'shift'from'cereals'to'animal'proteins.'
- a'greater'focus'on'variety'of'taste'experiences.''
Projections'estimate'that'population'plus'income'growth'will'increase'food'demand'by'
about'70%'between'now'and'2050.'
'
ISSUES&IN&SUPPLY&
&
agriculture'is'land'intensive'-'most'land'suitable'for'food'production'is'now'already'in'use.''
- 'competing'uses'of'land'for'the'environment,'housing,'mining.'
Document Summary
L e c t u r e 1 1 : e c o n o m i c p e r s p e c t i v e. Key questions: what do we mean by security of food supply, understanding causes behind the lack/abundance of food - poverty and obesity and their reductive solutions. The historical context of food production, consumption, trade and prices. Looking into the future: prospects, challenges and opportunities. Evaluate the roles of, and the pros and cons of, markets and government policies for. Food security: a state when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life foa. Food security involved a combination: the ability to purchase food. Food security involves the capacity to purchase and produce and the ability to utilise.
