BIO2231 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Lophophore, Protostome, Lophotrochozoa
Lecture 15 -
Protosomes vs Deuterostomes
• Protosome characteristics
o Determinate (mosaic) development in Bryozoa
o Blastospore becomes mouth in Phoronida
o Molecular data clearly place them in protostomia, lophotrochozoa
• Deuterostome characteristics
o Radial cleavage
o Enterocoely
o Tripartite coelom
o Indeterminate development (regulative embryo) in brachiopoda
o Opening of blastopore develops into anus (second mouth)
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Lophophorate phyla (low motile marine phylum, crest animals)
• Lophotrochozoa characteristics:
o Spiral cleavage
o Lophophore (some)
o Trochophore larva (some)
• Triploblastic coelomate protostomes
• Characterised by a lophophore
o Crest of ciliated tentacles
o Feeding structure
• Three Phyla
o Bryozoa/ectoprocta
o Braciopoda
o Phoronida
Phylum Bryozoa (moss animals)
• Metazoa → eumetazoa → bilateria → protostomia → lophotrochozoa
• Mainly marine, few freshwater
• Sessile
• Anus on outside
o Anus comes out near mouth
• Features
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