CHM3930 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Conformational Change, Hydrolysis, Mutation
20 Jun 2018
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Week 3 -Lipids & Receptors
Objectives
1. Recall the structure and function of lipids
2. Identify the principles for receptor structure and function
3. Identify the five mechanisms in which antibacterial agents can act.
4. Identify the structural features of penicillin.
5. Be able to describe how penicillin acts as a drug.
6. Recognise the future possibilities for antimicrobial peptides.
7. Recognise that there are novel approaches to study antimicrobial peptides.
SDL
Fat-like molecules, hydrophobic and hydrophillic;
Low solubility in water, high solubility in nonpolar solvents
Structurally diverse molecular family
Classified based on backbone structure (FA largest group):
oFatty acids, FA
oGlycerolipids, GL
oGlycerophospholipids, GP
oSphingolipids, SP
oSterol lipids, SL
oPrenol lipids, PR
oSaccharolipids, SL
oPolyketides, PK
Biological membranes (Made of lipids)
oProvide a surface for biological reactions
oMediate transport of metabolites, macromoleules and ions
oAre a drug target
oThe main component is based on 1,2-diacylglycerol + phosphate ester on carbon 3
= glycerophospholipids -amphipathic (polar and non-polar)
oFatty acid chain: long hydrocarbon ‘tail’ chain with a terminal carboxyl ‘head’ groups
oTails attach to Glycerol -1,2-diacylglycerol
oPhosphate group attaches to glycerol
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oGlycerophospholipids are main lipid in membranes
Have phosphatides attached to tails
– Fatty acid esters of glycerol phosphate + R-group
– R-group can be choline, ethanolamine, serine, inositol etc
Sphingolipids
oResemble glycerophospholipids, but do not contain glycerol &
may or may not contain phosphate
oContain sphingosine, a long chain amino alcohol
omajor constituent of the myelin sheath of nerve cells
Lipid packing and shapes
oSpontaneously self-assemble to form aggregates (Phases)
oPacking parameter/surfactant number:
Properties of lipids
oMonolayers and micelles
Occur in aqueous solution
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
