ATS1701 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Islamic Democracy, Islamism, Islamic State Of Iraq And The Levant
25 May 2018
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Lecture - 7 - Islamist terrorism and Neojihadism
- diversity within islamism - much is non-violent - nonetheless not democratic
- islamist terrorism has been prevalent since 1970s - became more frequent after
the cold war ended
- gradual expanding on permissible targets
- multiple political, geo-strategic, technological, social and ideological factors
- qital - general fighting - fighting in the way of allah - rules
- jihad, vital and martyrdom governed by rules
- fighting is used to cease violence against a ruling group and establish
negotiation and settlement - not escalate violence - qur’an
- islamism
• involves seeking to introduce sharia into political and legal systems
• diversity
•
o groups that seek to achieve sharia - using legitimate means - e.g.
ballot box
o others - non-violent - seek to do so through peaceful means -
through a caliphate
o military and terroristic means - civi wars and insurgencies -
• not democratic
•
o cannot be because it does not extend liberation to any but those
who seek to restrict others’ political dissent and freedoms
- types of islamist groups
• universalist/abstract
•
o DAESH or aq
o lofty goals
o speak on behalf of entire uma - entire community of musclims
o highly ambitious goals - driven primary by ideology - nebulous
o only restraining factor - allah - reckless in their violence
o much less inhibited when planning attacks
o more likely to deliberately perpetuate high casualty attacks
• strategic
•
o tend to encompass national-liberation or regime change motivated
groups
o state reconstruction
o e.g. hamas
o more limited and discrete goals - liberation of a specific territory
o use terrorism as a strategic tool - to force opponents to concede to
concrete demands
o more vulnerable or accountable to public opinion
- observations
• increase of islamist terrorism in cold war period
• increase in civilian targets
• increase in islamist groups conducting terrorism
• what can account for these changes?
- shared commonalities groups
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Document Summary
Lecture - 7 - islamist terrorism and neojihadism. Diversity within islamism - much is non-violent - nonetheless not democratic. Islamist terrorism has been prevalent since 1970s - became more frequent after the cold war ended. Multiple political, geo-strategic, technological, social and ideological factors. Qital - general fighting - fighting in the way of allah - rules. Jihad, vital and martyrdom governed by rules. Fighting is used to cease violence against a ruling group and establish negotiation and settlement - not escalate violence - qur"an involves seeking to introduce sharia into political and legal systems. Shared commonalities groups claimed that their causes were legitimate: grounded in doctrines of jihad jihad, a way of striving to improve oneself, diverse uses common military form, nonviolent ways - looking after parents etc. Jihadism: modern type of politicisation of jihad, decline of muslim - due to decline in jihad jihad not just a defence of action islam - all humans.
