IMM2022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Cowpox, Hpv Vaccines, Smallpox
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
VACCINATION
• Passive immunity: transfer of preformed antibodies or immune cells to a recipient individual
• Active immunity: acquisition of specific immunity by infection or vaccination
• Vaccination activates the immune system such that specific memory T cells and B cells are
produced -> allows rapid and effective response when pathogen is reencountered
(rapid recall)
• Features of effective vaccine:
• Types of vaccines:
Whole organism
vaccines
-contain PAMPs
-induce antibodies,
CD4 and CD8
-may cause
immunocompromised
-require refrigeration
Attenuated (live)
o Can replicate but cause little
to no symptoms
o Decreased virulence but
similar antigenicity
o Provides good protection and
only require one or two doses
o Eg. measles
Inactivated (killed)
o Virulent strain treated with agent
(formalin) to prevent its ability to
replicate
o Retain antigenicity but not
infectivity
o Need repeated doses
o Safe and contain PAMPs but
inactivation may destroy
protective antigens and do not
induce CD8 as they do not
replicate
o Eg. Polio, influenza
Subunit
(component)
vaccines)
-reduced risk of
adverse effects and
simple to produce
-must know antigens,
can induce B and T
cell responses,
requires adjuvant
Subcellular fragments
o Purified
components of an
organism
o Detergent disrupted
virus
Toxoids
o Fragment or
inactivated form
of toxin
o Neutralisation of
toxin by
antibodies
o Eg. tetanus
Recombinant protein
o DNA encoding
antigen is
expressed in E.coli
etc
o Expressed protein
is purified
o Eg. Hep B
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
