PHY3181 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Fetal Viability, Glycan, Apoptosis
30 Jun 2018
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Lecture 18: inhibin – TGFβ proteins in
reproduction
From this lecture you need to understand what
GDF9 and BMP15 proteins do
This is a very confusing lecture
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)
superfamily
Pro-activin A
• Produced as a pre-cursor
• The pro-domain controls folding and
dimerization
• Cysteine residues covalently link
peptides
• Have a mature domain
• The dimer is a non-covalent complex
• The mature domain remains associated
with the pro-domain
• The pro-domain is required to increase
the circulating half life and directs the
mature growth factors towards their
target cells by interacting with ECM
proteins
• The pro-domain will be displaced and
the mature domain is the ligand that will
bind and activate receptor
• Smad2/3 is an example activin receptor
complex
Note that transcription factors go directly into
the nucleus to regulate gene transcription
TGFβ proteins are involved in reproduction
BMP-15 – only produced by the oocyte, used in
folliculogenesis and ovulation rate
GDF-9 – folliculogenesis and ovulation rate
Inhibin A and B – made in the gonads, act on the
pituitary and supress FSH production – they do
this by antagonising the action of other TGF-beta
proteins called activins.
Activin A and B – promote FSH production/
Sertoli cell proliferation in the testis
BMP-2 – uterine decidualisation and
implantation (a change in the differentiation of
the stromal cells)
BMP-4 – promotes primordial germ cell
recruitment
BMP-8A – maintenance of spermatogenesis
BMP-8B – maintenance of spermatogenesis/
primordial germ cell recruitment. If you lack
BMP8A/B you will get some sperm production
but over time sperm production will cease
infertility.
Lefty A and B – in embryogenesis, produced on
the right side of the body, allow the heart to be
situated on the left side they block the action
of some other TGF proteins. Also have a role in
menstruation
Nodal – implantation/ placental development
AMH – regression of Mullerian duct in males,
determinant of ovarian reserve in females. AMH
is produced in the ovary and acts in the ovary.
AMH is critical is sex determination - its first
defines role is in the depression of the mullarian
duct in the male embryo. The Sertoli cells that
begin to be formed produce AMH causes the
mullarian duct to regress. AMH appears in
females at puberty. In females it is produced by
the granulosa cells of the pre-antral (secondary)
and primary follicles to prevent excessive
primordial follicle recruitment. i.e AMH inhibits
activation of primordial follicles. AMH also has
actions in mediating FSH activity in the larger
growing follicles as well, not that the larger
follicles tend not to make AMH.
Other roles/ uses of AMH
1. AMH is a contraceptive that protects the
ovarian reserve during chemotherapy, it
promotes pre-antral follicle growth but
Document Summary
Lecture 18: reproduction inhibin tgf proteins in. Activin a and b promote fsh production/ From this lecture you need to understand what. Note that transcription factors go directly into the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. Bmp-15 only produced by the oocyte, used in folliculogenesis and ovulation rate. Inhibin a and b made in the gonads, act on the pituitary and supress fsh production they do this by antagonising the action of other tgf-beta proteins called activins. uterine. Bmp-2 and implantation (a change in the differentiation of the stromal cells) decidualisation. Bmp-8b maintenance of spermatogenesis/ primordial germ cell recruitment. Bmp8a/b you will get some sperm production but over time sperm production will cease infertility. Lefty a and b in embryogenesis, produced on the right side of the body, allow the heart to be situated on the left side they block the action of some other tgf proteins. Amh regression of mullerian duct in males, determinant of ovarian reserve in females.
