BIO282 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Telomerase, Nuclear Dna, Dna Supercoil

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22 Jun 2018
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1. Different models of DNA replication
2. Process of DNA replication
i. Lagging and leading strands
ii. Synthesis of lagging strand
3. DNA replication in prokaryotes
4. DNA polymerases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
5. DNA replication in eukaryotes
6. Modes of DNA replication
i. Theta
ii. Rolling circle
iii. D-loop
iv. linear
7. DNA replication at chromosomal tips (telomeres)
What is DNA replication and why is it important?
DNA replication is the synthesis of DNA.
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In addition to its central role in ensuring the faithful transmission of genetic
information from one generation to the next, there are additional important
reasons for understanding the process.
Mutations are generated during DNA replication.
DNA replication and cell division allow an organism to grow.
DNA replication allows tissue to regenerate.
In some tissues regeneration does not occur because the DNA does not
replicate. Nervous tissue is an example of this. By understanding and
manipulating the process we may eventually be able to control the process.
Replication is important in the development of diseases such as cancer.
Tumor formation is essentially uncontrolled DNA replication and cell
division.
The DNA replication process represents a potential target for inactivation of
viruses that are not susceptible to metabolic inhibitors such as antibiotics.
The use of AZT in the treatment of HIV infection is a prime example of this.
Inhibiting DNA replication has also been used to control plant virus diseases
DNA replication is the process by which DNA molecules are copied.
Genetic information must be accurately copied every time a cell divides.
A single celled human zygote contains 6.4 billion base pairs. The DNA from the
single zygote cell divides to generate human body made of ~37 trillion cells.
Imagine a consequence if there is an error as low as 1 per million bases.
How do cells copy DNA?
Proposed DNA replication models:
Conservative replication model
Dispersive replication model
Semiconservative replication mode
Proposed DNA replication models
1. Semiconservative mode
1. Semiconservative mode
2. Conservative mode
3. Dispersive mode
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The dark blue color represents the original (parental) DNA strand while the light blue is
for the newly made (daughter) strand
After replication both daughter duplexes contain one parental and one new strand.
Half the original molecule is conserved
2. Conservative mode
After replication one daughter duplex is the same as parental DNA but the another
daughter duplex has both strands new.
3. Dispersive mode
After replication both daughter duplexes contain segments of parental and new
strands.
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Document Summary

Different models of dna replication, process of dna replication. Synthesis of lagging strand: dna replication in prokaryotes, dna polymerases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, dna replication in eukaryotes, modes of dna replication. Rolling circle: d-loop linear, dna replication at chromosomal tips (telomeres) In some tissues regeneration does not occur because the dna does not replicate. By understanding and manipulating the process we may eventually be able to control the process: replication is important in the development of diseases such as cancer. Tumor formation is essentially uncontrolled dna replication and cell division: the dna replication process represents a potential target for inactivation of viruses that are not susceptible to metabolic inhibitors such as antibiotics. The use of azt in the treatment of hiv infection is a prime example of this. Inhibiting dna replication has also been used to control plant virus diseases. Dna replication is the process by which dna molecules are copied.

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