LQB186 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Intron, Alternative Splicing, Mature Messenger Rna

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Transcription transcription is the process by which a dna sequence (gene) is copied into a complementary rna sequence by rna polymerase. Free nucleotides exist in the cell as nucleoside triphosphates (ntps) which line up opposite their complementary base partner. Transcription: rna polymerase covalently binds the ntps together. The reaction involves the release of the two additional phosphates. The 5"-phosphate is li(cid:374)ked to the 3"-end of the growing mrna strand. Transcription occurs in a 5" 3" direction. The synthesis of mrna occurs in three stages: Initiation - rna polymerase binds to the promoter and causes the unwinding and separating of the dna strands: elongation - occurs as the rna polymerase moves along the coding sequence, synthesising rna in a 5" . 3 direction: termination - when rna polymerase reaches the terminator, both the enzyme and nascent rna strand detach and the dna rewinds. Gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes as a consequence of variations in environmental factors.

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