EDB172 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Involuntary Unemployment, New Medicine, Educational Psychology
Psychopathologisation and Education
Lecture
• How did we take personality and turn it into categories/disorders and what relation does that
have to the governance of the population
• Translate normal human difference into illness
• Governance revision:
o Modern governance: how the past differs from contemporary society
• Based around sovereign rule
• Undifferentiated
o Medieval times, power exercised two functions:
• War: the hard-won monopoly of arms
• Pease: arbitration of law suits and punishment of crimes
o End of middle ages, added:
• Maintenance of order
• Organisation of enrichment
o 18th century, emerged:
• Provision of physical well-being and health for the organisation
o Structure of modern institutions:
• Hierarchical observation
• Normalising judgement e.g. teacher in classroom decides who passes, fails, is
good, bad etc.
o Relationships between production of categories and differentiation
o Social categories produced to make an explanation for a certain type of social context
Sexuality
• Hundreds of categories to differentiate
• Over 150 years, gone from no categories of difference to literally hundreds and each can be
treated differently = effective governance
o Are these real, or are they products of a form of governance which works by producing
categories?
• How psychology works is a form of governance, the difference is that psychology says that
they are 'real'/have always been here
Brief history of medicine
• The 'necessitous pauper' = a person who needed help
o The reason for that need of help wasn't subdivided
o Mid 18th century onwards - began to be subdivided (good poor, bad poor, wilfully idle,
involuntarily unemployed, etc.)
• Disaggregation of the 'necessitous pauper' the result of an increased ability to discriminate
within the popualtion i.e. via statistics
• --> 'Galenic' Medicine (balance of four bodily humours) became replaced by 'New' Medicine
(the anatomo-clinical method)
• ---> The 'Birth of the Clinic'
o Hospitalisation was made a pre-requisite for those who couldn't be treated at home,
allowed doctors to keep track of similar diseases/illnesses - began statistics
o A new understanding of the body as a 'bearer of variables' - whole new set of disorders
and diseases
o --> set the ground for a new way of understanding the body in relation to illness
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
-> "galenic" medicine (balance of four bodily humours) became replaced by "new" medicine (the anatomo-clinical method) A problematic concept: the(cid:374) "the great co(cid:374)fi(cid:374)e(cid:373)e(cid:374)t": duri(cid:374)g a fa(cid:373)i(cid:374)e, (cid:373)ayor of paris segregated produ(cid:272)ti(cid:448)e from unproductive i. e. prostitutes, unemployed, "mad". --> treatment = the beginning of individual care: as population gets further assessed, more found to be "insane" Regulating children: the advent of liberalism, based upon ideas of freedom and equality - also, involved a set of debates about where to set the limits of government. In order to have a sophisticated, modern society, needed to implement this - govern society without people really seeing it. -> childhood heavily regulated e. g. schooling, child guidance clinics, medical, police, so on: to not regulate children is to be negligent - tactic within a broader strategy, psychology played a key role in establishing the norms of childhood.