PYB100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Models 1, Psychodynamics, Job Performance
20 Jun 2018
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Department
Course
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PYB100 LECTURE 7
Personality
Approaches of Personality
Who am I?
Ways we describe ourselves
How we define and categorises themselves
Traits (personal characteristics)
Identity (group memberships)
Evaluations & preferences (what we like/good at)
Aspirations
Physical descriptions
Emotional states
Global descriptions (human, myself)
How much do you think you are like that
Lecture Outline
1. What is personality
2. Approaches to understanding personality
a. Content
b. Process models
2. Content models
a. Dimensions f personality
b. Theories of personality used in everyday life
2. Issues in personality
a. Is personality context - dependent?
b. Are we better judges of our own personality?
What is Personality
Enduring patterns of thought, feeling, motivation & behaviour that are expressed in
different circumstances.
Approaches
Psychological phenomena
Two types of psychological models
1. Content models
oWhat are we like
oHow many elements are there
oFocus on explaining stable elements
2. Process models
oHow do we come to be like we are
oWhat processes result in behaviour
oFocus on explaining dynamic elements
Content Models Process Models
What are we like? How do we come to be like we are?
How many elements are there? What processes result in
behaviour?
Focus on explaining stable elements Focus on explaining dynamic elements
Examples: Traits, values Examples: Psychodynamics,
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
social cognitive theories
Content
What does it mean to know a person and understand what they are.
Level 1 - know about their general dispositions or traits
E.g. Do they seem outgoing or shy?
Level 2 - know about their concerns and values
E.g. Do they want to be rich, or be creative?
Level 3 - know about how they see themselves as a person, their life narratives
E.g. What is their self - concept and how do they describe the story of their life
Good with understanding story in counselling situations
Level One: Content - Traits
Lexical Approach
Dictionary for adjectives that describe people & remove synonyms
Ask people to rate themselves on these adjectives
Perform statistical analyses to determine which adjectives to go together
oForm groups of adjectives where people higher on one are typically
higher on the other
Five Factor Model
Ocean Model
Openness to experience
Intellectual curiosity and independence
Conscientiousness
Being organised and dependable
Extroversion
Outgoing and sociable
Agreeableness
Compassionate and trust others
Neuroticism
Emotionally variable and impulsive
Typically seen as negative
Also known as: Emotional stability
Include diagram from slide
Other Models
The 'Dark Triad' of Personality
Personality characteristics most people find offensive, but not necessarily
pathological
Include diagram from slide
Psychopathy
Egocentrism, superficial charm, lacking empathy, lacking guilt
Associated with a distinct FFM profile
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Evaluations & preferences (what we like/good at) How much do you think you are like that. Lecture outline: what is personality, approaches to understanding personality a. b. Enduring patterns of thought, feeling, motivation & behaviour that are expressed in different circumstances. Two types of psychological models: content models, what are we like o. Focus on explaining stable elements o: process models o. How do we come to be like we are: what processes result in behaviour o. Focus on explaining stable elements focus on explaining dynamic elements. What does it mean to know a person and understand what they are. Level 1 - know about their general dispositions or traits. Level 2 - know about their concerns and values. Level 3 - know about how they see themselves as a person, their life narratives. What is their self - concept and how do they describe the story of their life. Dictionary for adjectives that describe people & remove synonyms.
