MGMT2102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Parochialism, Ethnocentrism, Individualism
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What are values: values are a society"s ideas about what is good or bad, right or wrong, they determine how individuals will probably respond in any given circumstance. Hall: culture dimensions: context: high context vs low context, space: personal space vs communal space, time: monochronic vs polychronic, has five dimensions. Hofstede"s value dimensions: has four dimensions see previous lecture, was conducted prior to the globe project and is based on 116,000 people in 50 countries, power distance. In high power distance cultures, formal authority and hierarchy are very respected, thus leadership tends to be autocratic and centralized. Individualism: collectivism entails tight social frameworks, emotional dependence on the organisation and strong belief in group decisions, countries scoring higher on individualism tend to have higher gnp"s and freer political systems, masculinity. In more feminine cultures one tends to find less work-family conflict, less job stress, more women in high level jobs, and a reduced need for assertiveness.