BIOC2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Dna Replication, Activation Energy, Ribose

57 views2 pages

silverworm119

9 Jun 2018

School

Department

Biochemistry

Course

BIOC2000

Professor

Dr Justin Ridge

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Saturday, 9 June, 2018

Rowland ATP and Central Dogma

delta g= delta H - T x delta S

-High energy biomolecules take energy to make

-All biological system follows ﬁrst and second law of thermodynamics

-In second law of thermodynamics; entropy must increase

-we speed up process by lowering activation energy

-entropy is about the randomness

-enthalpy is about total heat associated with weak forces

-always remember to use this equation in exam: delta g= delta H - T x delta S

-The equation above is used to describe biological process to explain spontaneous or

non-spontaneous reaction

-ATP molecules are high energy they allow molecules to move around more

-ATP drives process (as well as GTP and CTP)

-The base does not matter

-OPOPOPO triphosphate

-H20 attack phosphate in ATP

-shorter chain 2 phosphate rather than 3 allows more resonance structure

ATP power

In ATP, P closest to Ribose is alpha then beta then gamma

ATP Coupling of reactions can drive apparently ︎impossible︎ processes

phosphate group transfer to enzyme

Central Dogma

-DNA replication forming protein gives out energy have a negative delta G

-Top strand runs from 5’ to 3’; AT has 2 h bonds while CG have 3

-At promotor region there are more AT than CG so can pull apart easier

-DNA replications involve DNA polymerase

1

Unlock document

This preview shows half of the first page of the document.
Unlock all 2 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Rowland atp and central dogma delta g= delta h - t x delta s. High energy biomolecules take energy to make. All biological system follows rst and second law of thermodynamics. In second law of thermodynamics; entropy must increase. We speed up process by lowering activation energy. Enthalpy is about total heat associated with weak forces. Always remember to use this equation in exam: delta g= delta h - t x delta s. The equation above is used to describe biological process to explain spontaneous or non-spontaneous reaction. Atp molecules are high energy they allow molecules to move around more. Atp drives process (as well as gtp and ctp) Shorter chain 2 phosphate rather than 3 allows more resonance structure. In atp, p closest to ribose is alpha then beta then gamma. Atp coupling of reactions can drive apparently impossible processes phosphate group transfer to enzyme. Dna replication forming protein gives out energy have a negative delta g.

Related Questions

A catabolic pathway would predictably result in the
A) reduction of a sugar.
B) synthesis of a macromolecule.
C) breakdown of a macromolecule.
D) breakdown of an atom.
2.
The drug Ritonavir is used to treat people with HIV/AIDS. It worksby binding to the active site of HIV-1 protease, an enzyme used bythe AIDS virus to create new proteins for production of newviruses.Once bound, the HIV-1 protease cannot produce proteins.Ritonavir can be classified as a(n)
A) competitive inhibitor.
B) allosteric inhibitor.
C) activator.
D) non-competitive inhibitor.
3.
During cellular respiration, __________ is the final electronacceptor that allows the regeneration of the cellâs supply of NAD+.In fermentation, ____________ is the final electron acceptor forNAD+ regeneration.
A) pyruvate / lactic acid
B) pyruvate / oxygen
C) ethanol / CO2
D) oxygen / pyruvate
4.
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell isprokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A) whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
B) the presence or absence of ribosomes
C) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internalmembranes
D) whether or not the cell contains DNA
5.
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an allosteric enzyme that regulatesglycolysis. When cellular concentrations of ATP and citrate become__________, this enzymeâs activity decreases. When cellularconcentrations of AMP become ________, the enzyme isactivated.
A) high / high
B) high / low
C) low / high
D) low / low
6.
______________ is an enzyme that can utilize the free energy in thehydrogen gradient (voltage) produced between the inner and outermembrane of the mitochondrion. The enzyme uses this energy toproduce ________.
A) ATP synthase/ ATP
B) PFK/ ATP
C) PFK/ glucose
D) ATP synthase/ ADP
7.
ATP is able to do cellular work because it
A) has a high energy phosphate bond that can be hydrolyzed torelease energy.
B) converts light energy into chemical bond energy.
C) contains the sugar ribose, which can provide additional energyfor a cell.
D) its hydrolysis is endergonic.
8.
A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decomposeto form a solution of simple sugars because
A) the starch solution has less free energy than the sugarsolution.
B) the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot besurmounted.
C) the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
D) starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous.
9.
A person exposed to toxins would have more activity in their___________compared to an unexposed person.
A) lysosomes
B) Golgi bodies
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
10.
Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
A) The function of fermentation is to regenerate the fermentingcells' supply of NAD+.
B) Fermentation allows a fermenting cell to gain more energy perglucose molecule than a non-fermenting cell.
C) Fermentation produces either lactic acid or ethanol that thefermenting cell can use as an energy source.
D) Fermentation is a universal process that occurs in all cells andall organisms.
11.
A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide andwater in glycolysis and the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, but togetherthese two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. Whathappened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from theoxidation of glucose?
A) It was lost as heat.
B) It is stored in the carbon dioxide and water molecules releasedby these processes.
C) It is stored in the ATP that was formed by glycolysis and thecitric acid cycle.
D) It is stored in NADH and FADH2
12.
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that
A) entropy tends to increase in a system.
B) entropy tends to decrease in a system.
C) energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
D) the quality of energy in the universe is decreasing.
13.
The endosymbiotic theory states that _______________ evolved as aresult of a symbiotic relationship between different types ofbacteria. _____________ is thought to be the selective factor thatmade this symbiosis advantageous.
A) mitochondria / A change in the Earthâs atmosphere from anaerobicto aerobic
B) endoplasmic reticulum / A decrease in the amount of foodavailable in the environment
C) chloroplasts / A change in the Earthâs atmosphere from aerobicto anaerobic
D) lysosomes / A decrease in the amount of food available in theenvironment
14.
A mutation in a fruit fly affects one of the proteins that pumphydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane; thismutation makes that particular protein function less efficiently.When comparing aerobic cellular respiration in this fly with awild-type fly, you would predict that the mutant fly would
A) produce less ATP than a wild-type fly.
B) show no difference in ATP production when compared to awild-type fly.
C) produce more ATP than a wild-type fly.
D) not be able to produce any ATP via aerobic cellularrespiration.
15.
Proteins that are destined to be exported from the cell have unique_________________ that are recognized by signal recognitionparticles and thus moved to the _________________ duringtranslation.
A) phosphofructokinases / nucleus
B) codons / rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) signal recognition sequences / rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) signal recognition sequences / free ribosomes
16.
During the Krebs cycle
A) NADH is oxidized.
B) ATP is produced.
C) pyruvate is produced.
D) Acetly CoA gains a carbon to form pyruvate.
17.
Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen toproduce CO2 and water release free energy?
A) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinityfor electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity forelectrons (such as O).
B) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associatedwith water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.
C) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken byelectrons from organic molecules.
D) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygenhave more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water andcarbon dioxide.
18.
In a chemical reaction, if ?G is negative, it means that thereaction is
A) exergonic, and work needs to be done for the reaction toproceed.
B) exergonic, and work can be done with energy released from thereaction.
C) endergonic, and work needs to be done in order for the reactionto proceed.
D) endergonic, and work can be done with energy released from thereaction.
19.
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) ___________reaction.
A) ADP + P --> ATP
B) endergonic.
C) exergonic.
D) anabolic
20.
Glycolysis
A) involves catabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
B) involves anabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
C) involves catabolic reactions and creates energy.
D) involves anabolic reactions and creates energy.

BIOC2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Dna Replication, Activation Energy, Ribose

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOC2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Ribose, Adenine, Cytosine

LIFE 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Endergonic Reaction, Exergonic Reaction, Adenosine Triphosphate

MCDB 20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Exergonic Reaction, Atp Hydrolysis, Chemical Transport Reaction

Related Questions