BIOM1060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Nasal Septum, Breathing, Nasal Cavity
BIOM1060 21/03/18
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ANATOMY
Functions
- Breathing (pulmonary ventilation)
- Gas exchange
- Acid balance (removal of carbon dioxide)
- Filtration and protection against pathogens
- Vocalisation
- Olfaction
Pulmonary ventilation
- Oxygen transported from lungs to body cells through cardiovascular system
- Cells use oxygen and generate carbon dioxide (waste product)
- Blood transports carbon dioxide from cells to lungs to be expelled during exhalation
Nasal cavity
- Goblet cells and mucus glands: produce mucus (hydrate epithelium, and warms and
humidifies air
- Lysozyme: enzyme that fights pathogens
- Nasal cartilages: flexible
- Nasal septum: central wall of bone and cartilage dividing nasal cavity
- Conchae: bony plates on lateral walls of nasal cavity (increase surface area of mucus
membrane) - superior, middle and inferior
o Meatus: air passages between conchae
Pharynx
- Lined with mucosa (maintains hydration)
- Skeletal muscle that allows swallowing
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Document Summary
Oxygen transported from lungs to body cells through cardiovascular system. Cells use oxygen and generate carbon dioxide (waste product) Blood transports carbon dioxide from cells to lungs to be expelled during exhalation. Goblet cells and mucus glands: produce mucus (hydrate epithelium, and warms and humidifies air. Nasal septum: central wall of bone and cartilage dividing nasal cavity. Conchae: bony plates on lateral walls of nasal cavity (increase surface area of mucus membrane) - superior, middle and inferior: meatus: air passages between conchae. Produce sound through passage of air through cartilage and ligaments: vestibular ligament (within vestibular fold, vocal ligaments: vibrate to produce sound (within vocal folds) Epiglottis: blocks of larynx (elastic cartilage - stops food entering windpipe) Cricoid cartilage: end of larynx (connects to trachea) U-shaped cartilage and annular ligaments connecting (provide structure and flexibility) with posterior trachealis muscle (allows expansion)
