EXMD2362 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Body Fat Percentage, Lipoprotein Lipase, Exercise Prescription

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26 Oct 2018
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Lecture 7 Exercise Prescription and Programming for Women,
Pregnancy, and Young People
Until age 12-14 (puberty), boys and girls do not differ much on anthropometric values
At puberty, testosterone leads to
- Increased bone formation
- Increased protein synthesis (muscle mass)
At puberty, estrogen leads to
- Broadening of the pelvis
- Breast development
- Fat deposition in thighs and hips
- Faster bone growth
Females tend to stop participating in sport around age 12
There is a different distribution of body composition for males and females
- Fully mature females tend to be shorter, lighter, higher body fat percentage, narrower
shoulders, broader hips, and smaller chest
Women tend to accumulate more body fat than men, particularly in the hips and thighs
- Lipoprotein lipase activity is high and lipolytic activity is low
Strength
For the same amount of muscle mass, there is no difference between sexesmuscle is muscle
However, males tend to have a bigger PCSA due to testosterone
Women have less testosterone, which means they generally gain much less muscle mass than men
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Women can experience significant increases in strength, which are due to neural changesfemales
have more room for neural changes than males
Men perform better in strength, power, and speed activities than women
Cardiovascular
For the same work rate, trained women have cardiac outputs similar to trained men
- Women have smaller hearts than men
- So, to have the same cardiac output they need a faster HR
Respiratory
Women tend to breathe more rapidly than men at the same absolute power output
Because women have smaller lungs, their ventilatory volumes are smaller
Females reach peak VO2max between 12 and 15 years
Males reach peak VO2max between 17 and 21 years
However, after puberty, females VO2max is only 70-75% of males’
Women participating in physical activity are more prone to injury
- Potentially because of a lower level of conditioning
Sex Testing
Sex is not binary, meaning it is a continuous scale and there is no exact threshold for males and
females
Menstruation
Three phases
1. Menstrual (flow) phase (first 4-5 days)
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Document Summary

Lecture 7 exercise prescription and programming for women, Until age 12-14 (puberty), boys and girls do not differ much on anthropometric values: at puberty, testosterone leads to. Increased protein synthesis (muscle mass: at puberty, estrogen leads to. Females tend to stop participating in sport around age 12. There is a different distribution of body composition for males and females. Fully mature females tend to be shorter, lighter, higher body fat percentage, narrower shoulders, broader hips, and smaller chest. Women tend to accumulate more body fat than men, particularly in the hips and thighs. Lipoprotein lipase activity is high and lipolytic activity is low. For the same amount of muscle mass, there is no difference between sexes muscle is muscle. However, males tend to have a bigger pcsa due to testosterone. Women have less testosterone, which means they generally gain much less muscle mass than men.

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