POLY1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Regressive Tax, Policy Review, Avail
Lecture 9 - Migration and Refugee Policy
Library:
Australian institute of family studies
Subject guides: Social and Public Policy
Review:
**exam:
horizontal equity:
people in similar circumstances treated similarly
e.g. people with the same income get taxed the same
Vertical equity:
people earning more are taxed more/should contribute more
Redistributional
which level of govt collects capital gains tax & luxury car tax?
Federal
difference between progressive and regressive taxation
example of each
Progressive = a tax that takes a higher proportion of a wealthy persons income
than someone earning less
e.g. income tax
Regressive = a tax that takes a lower proportion of the income of a wealthy person
than someone earning less
e.g. GST
**EXAM EXAMPLE**: imagine there is about to be an election. one party has
egalitarian values, and the other is libertarian. What would their taxation policies look
like? Highlight how their policies would be different.
egalitarian = higher tax rates for redistribution + equity
Libertarian = dont interfere with market
lower tax
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less service provision
small govt
**exam: understanding value systems and how they lead to policies
The Challenge of Population Policy
pop policy isnt really about the pop itself
it is about the causes and consequences of pops
these are highly contested - whats an optimal pop size? Why is it important?
pop growth can be seen as positive as it stimulates economic growth
Pop growth can be seen as negative because it places burdens on resources and the
environment
diversity:
positive = enhances social development
negative = diversity makes it difficult to govern
Terminology
Migrant = a person who chooses to leave their country and settle in another. They can
plan travel, take their belongings, and are free to return home
refugee = a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted, is outside
the country of their nationality and is unable or unwilling to avail themselves of the
protection of that country
asylum seeker = a person who has sought protection as a refugee, but whose claim
for refugee status has not yet been assessed
Context
Aust is largely a nation of migrants - only 3.3% of Indigenous Australians (2017)
2016 census: more than 300 different ancestries in Aust
nearly 1/2 of all Australians born overseas or having one parent who was
Largest percentage = English
of second gen Australians who have both parents born overseas:
Those under 40 are more likely to have asian ancestry
those over 40 are more likely to have European-born parents
Framing Migration
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Document Summary
**exam: horizontal equity: people in similar circumstances treated similarly e. g. people with the same income get taxed the same. Vertical equity: people earning more are taxed more/should contribute more. Federal difference between progressive and regressive taxation example of each. Progressive = a tax that takes a higher proportion of a wealthy person(cid:1685)s income than someone earning less e. g. income tax. Regressive = a tax that takes a lower proportion of the income of a wealthy person than someone earning less e. g. gst. **exam example**: imagine there is about to be an election. one party has egalitarian values, and the other is libertarian. Highlight how their policies would be different. egalitarian = higher tax rates for redistribution + equity. Libertarian = don(cid:1685)t interfere with market lower tax less service provision (cid:1684)small govt(cid:1685) **exam: understanding value systems and how they lead to policies. Why is it important? pop growth can be seen as positive as it stimulates economic growth.
