9808 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Central Nervous System, Corpus Callosum, Dura Mater

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rosesnake130

19 Jun 2018

School

University of Canberra

Department

University of Canberra

Course

9808

Professor

Julie Cooke

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Central Nervous System – Lecture

1. Describe brain development in an embryo *** NOT TESTED ON

2. Describe the gross anatomical structures of the brain - meninges - corpus callosum -

ventricles (CSF) - cerebellum - lobes - hypothalamus

3. Describe the function of cerebrospinal fluid

4. Label the blood supply to the brain

5. Locate and describe the function of the sensory cortex

6. Locate and describe the function of the motor cortex

7. Label the internal and external anatomy of the spinal cord

8. Describe the function of each of the 12 cranial nerves

1- Brain Development in Embryo

NOT TESTED ON ***

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2- Describe the gross anatomical

structures of the brain

Meninges = membranous

coverings of the brain and spinal

cord

3meninges:

-dura mater - directly attached to skill, very tough / leathery, sits just under skull, made

of dense irregular tissue , main job = close cerebral spinal fluid – so it doesn’t diffuse

anywhere else and stays inside . Also holds sinuses – which are veins that drain skull and

brain.

- Arachnoid - spider like, next layer down, really fine tissue paper, composed of loosely

arranged collagen and elastin fibres.

- Pia mater bottom membranous covering, so closely attached to brain can only see with

a microscope, imperial to fluid, keeps fluid in, has blood vessels that run through

membrane into brain so we can feed the brain.

- are 3 different textures to give varying levels of protection

Menagitous = inflammation of meninges.

Corpus callosum - ventricles (CSF) - cerebellum - lobes - hypothalamus

Ventricles

- Have 4 within the brain

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- Are just hollow cavity’s - in brain are filled with fluid

1&2 ventricles = lateral ventricle s= 2 c shaped, are continuous into 3rd ventricle

3rd ventricle = part in middle – fluid

flows from lateral in the 3rd

4th ventricle – connected to 3rd ventricle

by tube (cerebral aqueduct

Functions = to transport cerebral

spinal fluid, production of cerebral

spinal fluid and to remove from

system when we need to.

Functions of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) =

the fluid that covers the brain, what the brain sits in

1. Protection – shock absorption, enclosed within meninges.

2. Buoyancy – reduce the weight of the brain, helps the brain float.

3. Chemical Stability – remove waste products. take nutrients to brain

4. Circulation – facilitate blood perfusion, can change how quickly it is removed from

the system, can change pressure in skull can help with blood flow.

Once has done full loop of brain and spine it gets reused.

Cerebrum

Big portion at top of brain .outer region is grey matter. Inner region/ layer is white matter.

-Lumpy pits = gyri

-Fold that go in =sulci

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Document Summary

Central nervous system lecture: describe brain development in an embryo *** not tested on. Describe the gross anatomical structures of the brain - meninges - corpus callosum - ventricles (csf) - cerebellum - lobes - hypothalamus. Locate and describe the function of the sensory cortex. Locate and describe the function of the motor cortex. Label the internal and external anatomy of the spinal cord. Describe the function of each of the 12 cranial nerves. 2- describe the gross anatomical structures of the brain. Meninges = membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Also holds sinuses which are veins that drain skull and brain. Arachnoid - spider like, next layer down, really fine tissue paper, composed of loosely arranged collagen and elastin fibres. Corpus callosum - ventricles (csf) - cerebellum - lobes - hypothalamus. Are just hollow cavity"s - in brain are filled with fluid. 1&2 ventricles = lateral ventricle s= 2 c shaped, are continuous into 3rd ventricle.

Related Questions

#1 Visceral sensory information enters the CNS on afferent fibers within

A) dorsal roots S_2 to S_4.

B) dorsal roots T_1 to L_2.

C) cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X.

D) both B and C

E) A, B, and C

#2 Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

A) support

B) memory

C) phagocytosis

D) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid

E) maintenance of blood-brain barrier

#3 Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower

body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of

her cord is likely to be compressed?

A) the anterior gray commissures

B) the anterior white commissures

C) the anterior gray horns

D) ascending tracts

E) descending tracts

#4 The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

A) skeletal muscle cells

B) glandular cells

C) smoothmusdecells

D) heart muscle cells

E) all of the above

#5 Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

A) pia mater.

B) dura mater.

C) filum terminale.

D) arachnoid mater.

E) subarachnoid space.

#6 A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of

tongue movement.which cranial nerve is affected?

A) glossopharyngeal

B) vagus

C) spinal accessory

D) hypoglossal

E) trigeminal

#7 Parkinson disease is the result of

A) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

B) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei.

C) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.

D) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra.

E) hyperactivity of the limbic system.

#8 Based on the motor homunculus, which of the followingbody regions has the largest motor units?

A) larynx B) hands C) tongue D) face E) back

#9 If the corpus callosum is surgically cu!

A) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side.

B) objects toudred by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified.

C) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear.

D) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently.

E) all of the above

#10 The flexor reflex

A) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

B) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

C) prevents a musde from generating damaging tension.

D) usually depends on cranial neurons.

E) prevents a muscle from overstretching.

#11 The subdural space lies between

A) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

B) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

C) the endosteum and the periosteum.

D) the pia mater and the dura mater.

E) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space.

#12 _____ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.

A) Cerebral palsy

B) Addison disease

C) Bell palsy

D) any of the

#12 Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

A) microglia.

B) neurofilaments.

C) neurofibrils.

D) Nisslbodies.

E) perikaryon.

#1 Visceral sensory information enters the CNIS on afferent fibers within

A) dorsal roots 52 to 54.

B) dorsal roots T1 to L2.

C) cranial nerves V VIL DC and X.

D) bothB and C

E) a, n, and C

#2 Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

A) support

B) memory

C) phagocytosis

D) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid

E) maintenance of blood-brain barrier

#3 Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower

body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of

her cord is likely to be compressed?

A) the anterior gray commissures

B) the anterior white commissures

C) the anterior gray horns

D) ascending tracts

E) descending tracts

#4 The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

A) skeletal muscle cells

B) glandular cells

C) smoothmusdecells

D) heart muscle cells

E) all of the above

#5 Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

A) pia mater.

B) dura mater.

C) filum terminale.

D) arachnoid mater.

E) subarachnoid space.

#6 A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of

tongue movement. IA/hich cranial nerve is affected?

A) glossopharyngeal

B) vagus

C) spinai accessory

D) hypoglossal

#7 Parkinson disease is the result of

A) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

B) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei.

C) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.

D) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra.

E) hyperactivity of the limbic system.

#8 Based on the motor homunculus, which of the followingbody regions has the largest motor units?

A) larynx B) hands C) tongue D) face E) back

#9 If the corpus callosum is surgically cu!

A) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side.

B) objects toudred by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified.

C) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear.

D) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently.

E) all of the above

#10 The flexor reflex

A) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

B) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

C) prevents a musde from generating damaging tension.

D) usually depends on cranial neurons.

E) prevents a muscle from overstretching.

#11 The subdural space lies between

A) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

B) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

C) the endosteum and the periosteum.

D) the pia mater and the dura mater.

E) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space.

#12 _____ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.

A) Cerebral palsy

B) Addison disease

C) Bell palsy

D) any of the

#12 Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

A) microglia.

B) neurofilaments.

C) neurofibrils.

D) Nisslbodies.

E) perikaryon.

9808 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Central Nervous System, Corpus Callosum, Dura Mater

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