PS100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Meyer Friedman, Glass Ceiling, Longitudinal Study
Developmental Psychology - Lecture 10
Middle Adulthood
Learning Objective
- Impact of ageing on intelligence and personality
- Adult development theories
- Adult education, work and leisure
- Family relationship issues
satisfaction
divorce,
parenting
care giving responsibilities
Exam
- Summary chapters at the end of text book
Summarises the key points of lectures
Ch 2 - Overview of Piaget and Erikson (deeper understanding)
- Online tests on blackboard
- 2hrs 10 minutes
- 100 multiple choice
- Can bring in a dictionary (English (oxford), not psychology)
- Lay out is chronological
- Possible Questions
Piaget
Erik Erikson - Psychosocial development - aspects of lifespan
Moral reasoning
Intimacy (early adulthood)
Social clocks - expectations imposed on us
Levinson’s (1978) Yale study - men in careers (More than one question in exam)
Ageing
- Primary ageing
Normal age-related changes
Pressure to not age
Fear of getting older
Men: decreased testosterone
Female: Menopause
Greying of the hair
less elastic skin
Can be controlled by diet and exercise
- Secondary ageing
Effects of illness or disease
More variable
illness
disease
environmental toxins
Smokers age in the face a lot faster
- Physical functioning
Peaks in early adulthood, plateaus, then starts to decline (about 50)
Struggle to do personal best
Muscles become more tense
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Cognitive Changes
Cognitive changes - Intelligence
- Two types are interrelated
- Depends on ability to process
- Crystallised intelligence
- Learned processes, stored responses
- Remain relatively stable with age
- Increases over ageing process
- Cognitive processes acquired over time
Vocabulary, fats
Get stored and increase over time
Deeper breadth of knowledge
Remain relatively stable with age
- Fluid intelligence
- Processing new information
- Reasoning ability
- Relates to neurological development
- Declines from early adulthood
- Ability to process new information in normal situations
- Focuses on reason
- Neurologically focused
- General Intelligence
- Remains relatively stable but decreases over time
Brain training - attempts to increase IQ
Intelligence is an ability
Changes in Intelligence
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Practical Intelligence and Expertise
- Practical Intelligence and Expertise overlap
- Both Increase
Practical Intelligence:
Application of intellectual skills to everyday situations
may improve in middle age
general application in every day situations
Expertise:
Specialised experience and knowledge in specific domain
compensate for declining abilities
Particular
Can draw on as a mental shortcut
Procedural memory
The Big Five diesios of persoality Costa ad McCrae 997
Personality
- Characteristics a person has
- Shaped by genes and traits
- Temperament shapes personality
- Shaped by social environment as well (Over long periods of time)
- Relatively stable
- Changes gradually
- Shaped through behaviours
How we problem solve
Stability of Traits
- Increasing with age:
Conscientiousness, agreeableness, dominance, emotional stability
- Decreasing in old age:
- Openness to experience
Increases with age the most
- Lifespan continuity and change
- Continuity – genes
- Change – normative and non-normative events
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Impact of ageing on intelligence and personality. Family relationship issues satisfaction divorce, parenting care giving responsibilities. Summary chapters at the end of text book. Ch 2 - overview of piaget and erikson (deeper understanding) Can bring in a dictionary (english (oxford), not psychology) Erik erikson - psychosocial development - aspects of lifespan. Levinson"s (1978) yale study - men in careers (more than one question in exam) Smokers age in the face a lot faster. Peaks in early adulthood, plateaus, then starts to decline (about 50) Ability to process new information in normal situations. Application of intellectual skills to everyday situations may improve in middle age general application in every day situations. Specialised experience and knowledge in specific domain compensate for declining abilities. The (cid:858)big five(cid:859) di(cid:373)e(cid:374)sio(cid:374)s of perso(cid:374)ality (cid:894)costa a(cid:374)d mccrae (cid:1005)997(cid:895) Shaped by social environment as well (over long periods of time) Women taking on more dominant traits in their traits.
